Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Oxidation of high iron content electroplating sludge in supercritical water: stabilization of zinc and chromium

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The stabilization of heavy metals (zinc and chromium) and the degradation of organic pollutants during supercritical water (SCW) and supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) treatment of electroplating sludge (EPS) with a high iron content were studied. Experiments were performed in a batch reactor at temperatures in the range from 623.15 to 823.15 K with an oxygen coefficient (OE) from 0 to 2.0, a reaction time of 7 min and pressure of 25 MPa to examine the effect of the operation conditions. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) in raw sludge and liquid products under different reaction conditions were detected. The results indicated that more organic pollutant degradation occurred under supercritical conditions than in subcritical water. Additionally, as the temperature and amount of oxidant increased, the organic pollutant removal rate increased. In addition, the Zn and Cr removal efficiency from sludge was more than 98% under all conditions. Temperatures under 773.15 K had a positive effect, whereas the oxygen ratio was more significant than the other factors above 773.15 K. Furthermore, leaching toxicity tests of the heavy metals in solid products were conducted based on the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). All heavy metals showed greatly reduced leaching toxicity due to their stabilization. The Zn in the EPS is more easily converted into a solid product after SCWO treatment; however, Cr is more difficult to leach from the solid product. Oxides of iron, zinc, and chromium were detected by X-ray diffraction and an electron probe microanalyzer, and the yield of the oxides increased with increasing temperature and oxidant amount. Using the obtained data and analysis results, the effect of Fe on the stabilization of Zn and Cr was studied.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Duri B, Alsoqyani F (2017) Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) for the removal of n—containing heterocyclic hydrocarbon wastes; part ii: system kinetics. J Supercrit Fluid 128:412–418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson DA, Stanek CR (2013) Mixing and non-stoichiometry in Fe-Ni-Cr-Zn-O spinel compounds: density functional theory calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15(37):15550–15564

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Apj S, Cardozo FL, Dcc M, Tkfs F, Garcia JC, Crg T (2018) Combined processes of ozonation and supercritical water oxidation for landfill leachate degradation. Waste Manag 466–476

  • Asselin E, Alfantazi A, Rogak S (2010) Corrosion of nickel–chromium alloys, stainless steel and niobium at supercritical water oxidation conditions. Corros Sci 52(1):118–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bermejo MD, Cocero MJ (2010) Supercritical water oxidation: a technical review. AICHE J 52(11):3933–3951

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bo D, Zhang FS, Zhao L (2009) Influence of supercritical water treatment on heavy metals in medical waste incinerator fly ash. J Hazard Mater 170(1):66–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunner G (2009) Near critical and supercritical water. Part I. hydrolytic and hydrothermal processes. J Supercrit Fluid 47(3):373–381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen G, Chen S, Song Z, et al. (2015) Lignite sulfur transformation during the supercritical water gasification process[J]. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 116(6):161–167

  • Chen J, Wang Y, Ding S, Ding J, Li M, Zhang C, Zou M (2016) Sub- and super-critical water oxidation of wastewater containing organic and heavy metallic pollutants and recovery of superfine metallic particles. J Environ Chem Eng 4:2698–2705

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen G, Yang X, Chen S, Dong Y, Cui L, Zhang Y, Wang P, Zhao X, Ma C (2017) Transformation of heavy metals in lignite during supercritical water gasification. Appl Energ 187:272–280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection (1997) Test standard for leaching toxicity of solid wastes using horizontal vibration extraction procedure. Chinese Environmental Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)

  • Cui B, Cui F, Jing G, Xu S, Huo W, Liu S (2009) Oxidation of oily sludge in supercritical water. J Hazard Mater 165(1):511–517

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Souza E Silva PT, de Mello NT, Menezes Duarte MM, Montenegro MC, Araújo AN, De BNB et al (2006) Extraction and recovery of chromium from electroplating sludge. J Hazard Mater 128(1):39–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espinosa DC, Tenório JA (2001) Thermal behaviour of chromium electroplating sludge. Waste Manag 21(4):405–410

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Figueroa SJA, Stewart SJ (2008) First XANES evidence of a disorder–order transition in a spinel ferrite compound: nanocrystalline ZnFe2O4. J Synchrotron Radiat 16(1):63–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gong Y, Guo Y, Wang S, Song W (2016) Supercritical water oxidation of quinazoline: effects of conversion parameters and reaction mechanism. Water Res 100:116–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward TM, Svishchev IM, Makhija RC (2003) Stainless steel flow reactor for supercritical water oxidation: corrosion tests. J Supercrit Fluid 27(3):275–281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hearn B, Hunt MR, Hayward A (1969) Solubility of cupric oxide in pure subcritical and supercritical water. J Chem Eng Data 14(4):442–447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosseinpour M, Fatemi S, Ahmadi SJ, et al. (2018) Isotope tracing study on hydrogen donating capability of supercritical water assisted by formic acid to upgrade heavy oil: Computer simulation vs. experiment[J]. Fuel 225:161–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang D, Xue W, Zeng G, Wan J, Chen G, Huang C, Zhang C, Cheng M, Xu P (2016) Immobilization of cd in river sediments by sodium alginate modified nanoscale zero-valent iron: impact on enzyme activities and microbial community diversity. Water Res 106:15–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jakob A, Stucki S, Kuhn P (1995) Evaporation of heavy metals during the heat treatment of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash. Environ Sci Technol 29(9):2429–2436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen J, Jepsen SE (2005) The production, use and quality of sewage sludge in Denmark. Waste Manag 25:239–247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosari M, Golmohammadi M, Towfighi J, Ahmadi SJ (2018) Decomposition of tributhyl phosphate at supercritical water oxidation conditions: non-catalytic, catalytic, and kinetic reaction studies. J Supercrit Fluid 133:103–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kriksunov LB, Macdonald DD (1995) Corrosion in supercritical water oxidation systems: a phenomenological analysis. Chemphyschem A European J Chem Phys Phys Chem 142(12):4069–4073

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langton CA (1989) Slag-based materials for toxic metal and radioactive waste stabilization[C]//

  • Li C, Xie F, Yang M, Cai T, Li H, Huang Z et al (2010) Multiple heavy metals extraction and recovery from hazardous electroplating sludge waste via ultrasonically enhanced two-stage acid leaching. J Hazard Mater 178(1–3):823

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michael D, Morrish R, Muscat AJ (2008) Kinetics and mechanism for the reaction of hexafluoroacetylacetone with CuO in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Am Chem Soc 130(49):16659–16668

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng G, Tian G (2010) Using electrode electrolytes to enhance electrokinetic removal of heavy metals from electroplating sludge. Chem Eng J 165(2):388–394

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato Y, Akimoto S (2008) Hydrostatic compression of four corundum-type compounds: α-Al2O3, V2O3, Cr2O3, and α-Fe2O3. J Appl Phys 50(8):5285–5291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena SC, Jotshi CK (1996) Management and combustion of hazardous wastes. Prog Energ Combust Sci 22:401–425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun J, Stirner T, Matthews A (2006) Structure and surface energy of low-index surfaces of stoichiometric α-Al2O3 and α-Cr2O3. Sur Coat Tech 201(7):4205–4208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • US Environmental Protection Agency (1992) Method 1311 – toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), 35 p

  • Veriansyah B, Park TJ, Lim JS, Lee YW (2005) Supercritical water oxidation of wastewater from LCD manufacturing process: kinetic and formation of chromium oxide nanoparticles. J Supercrit Fluid 34:51–61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veriansyah B, Kim JD, Lee YW (2007) Simultaneous recovery of chromium and destruction of organics from LCD manufacturing process wastewater by supercritical water oxidation. J Clean Prod 15(10):972–978

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang C, Zhu N, Wang Y, Zhang F (2012) Co-detoxification of transformer oil-contained PCBs and heavy metals in medical waste incinerator fly ash under sub- and supercritical water. Environ Sci Technol 46(2):1003–1009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue W, Peng Z, Huang D, Zhang G, Wan J, Xu R et al (2018a) Nanoremediation of cadmium contaminated river sediments: microbial response and organic carbon changes. J Hazard Mater 359:290–299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue W, Huang D, Zeng G, Wan J, Zhang C, Xu R, Cheng M, Deng R (2018b) Nanoscale zero-valent iron coated with rhamnolipid as an effective stabilizer for immobilization of cd and pb in river sediments. J Hazard Mater 341:381–389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue W, Huang D, Zeng G, Wan J, Cheng M, Zhang C, et al (2018c) Performance and toxicity assessment of nanoscale zero valent iron particles in the remediation of contaminated soil: A review. Chemosphere 210:1145–1156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang B, Cheng Z, Fan M, Jia J, Yuan T, Shen Z (2018) Supercritical water oxidation of 2-, 3- and 4-nitroaniline: a study on nitrogen transformation mechanism. Chemosphere 205:426–432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yao G, Chen Z, Chen Q, Li D, Xie Z, Zhou Y, Xiong X, Xu Y (2018) Behaviors of organic and heavy metallic pollutants during supercritical water oxidation of oil-based drill cuttings. Water Air Soil Poll 229(3):102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoko A, Oshima Y (2013) Recovery of silicon from silicon sludge using supercritical water. J Supercrit Fluid 75:1–5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zan YF, Wang SZ, Zhang QM, Shen LH, Duan BQ, Lin ZH (2006) Experimental studies on the supercritical water oxidation of municipal sludge and its reaction heat. J Chem Eng Chinese Universities 20(3):379–384 (In Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhen F, Sikun Xu A, Koziński JA (2000) Behavior of metals during combustion of industrial organic wastes in supercritical water. Ind Eng Chem Res 39(12):4536–4542

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng G, Koziński JA (2000) Thermal events occurring during the combustion of biomass residue. Fuel 79(2):181–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zou D, Chi Y, Dong J, Fu C, Wang F, Ni M (2013) Supercritical water oxidation of tannery sludge: stabilization of chromium and destruction of organics. Chemosphere 93(7):1413–1418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zou D, Chi Y, Dong J, Fu C, Ni M (2015) Supercritical water oxidation of MSW leachate: factor analysis and behavior of heavy metals. Environ Prog Sustain 33:1117–1124

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41673105), the BaGui Scholars Program Foundation (No. 2014BGXZGX03), and the Youth Fund Project of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (No. 2016GXNSFBA380239).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, No. 100 East Daxue Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China

    Bo Zhang, Yinghui Wang, Xingying Tang, Shaopeng Wang, Chaoshuai Wei, Rui Wang & Wei Zhang

  2. School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China

    Bo Zhang

Authors
  1. Bo Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yinghui Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xingying Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shaopeng Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Chaoshuai Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rui Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Wei Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yinghui Wang or Xingying Tang.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Bingcai Pan

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOCX 147 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, B., Wang, Y., Tang, X. et al. Oxidation of high iron content electroplating sludge in supercritical water: stabilization of zinc and chromium. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 15001–15010 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04897-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04897-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation