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The potential impact of unsaturation degree of the biodiesels obtained from beverage and food processing biomass streams on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics in a single-cylinder CI engine

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the effect of unsaturation of the biodiesels obtained from grapeseed oil, wheat germ oil and coconut oil (reference fuel) for compression ignition (CI) engine application. Fatty acid profile analysis and physio-chemical properties were determined by standard test procedures. Engine testing was carried out in a 5.2-kW single-cylinder CI engine and the combustion, performance and emission characteristics were analysed. The effect of fuel property variation and the combustion reaction kinetics due to unsaturation difference have been discussed. The maximum brake thermal efficiency at full load for diesel was found to be 32.3% followed by 31.3%, 30.2% and 27.4 %, respectively, for coconut biodiesel (CBD), grapeseed biodiesel (GSBD) and wheat germ biodiesel (WGBD). Maximum heat release rate as observed for diesel, CBD, GSBD and WGBD are 63.2 J/°CA 60.7 J/°CA and 59 J/°CA and 43.4 J/°CA respectively. The brake-specific NO emission at full load is higher for CBD followed by GSBD, WGBD and diesel having values of 9.23 g/kWh, 8.91 g/kWh, 8.21 g/kWh and 7.6 g/kWh respectively. Conversely, the smoke emission is lower for CBD compared to the other tested fuels.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Automobile Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India

    Prabhu Chelladorai, Edwin Geo Varuvel, Leenus Jesu Martin & Bedhannan Nagalingam

Authors
  1. Prabhu Chelladorai
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  2. Edwin Geo Varuvel
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  3. Leenus Jesu Martin
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  4. Bedhannan Nagalingam
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Prabhu Chelladorai.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Highlights

• The winery industry generates both solid and liquid organic and inorganic waste in large quantities.

• Solid wastes generated are often hard to biodegrade or are subject to complicated procedures or simply discarded into the environment.

• Wheat germ which is basically a by-product of wheat milling industry comes under the category of xylose-rich biomass waste streams.

• Grapeseed from the biomass waste of the winery industry, and wheat germ, a by-product of the wheat milling industry, is used as an energy source for internal combustion engine application.

• Unsaturation effects of grapeseed biodiesel and wheat germ biodiesel on combustion, emission and performance characteristics in a CI engine are compared with less unsaturated coconut biodiesel.

• Property effects due to unsaturation variation and reaction kinetics involved have been discussed.

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Chelladorai, P., Varuvel, E.G., Martin, L.J. et al. The potential impact of unsaturation degree of the biodiesels obtained from beverage and food processing biomass streams on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics in a single-cylinder CI engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 5008–5019 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3793-1

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