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Potentially toxic elements to maize in agricultural soils—microbial approach of rhizospheric and bulk soils and phytoaccumulation

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Abstract

Maize fields near Mae Tao Creek in Pha Te Village, Tak Province, Thailand are contaminated with Zn, Cd, and Pb. This research studied the interaction between levels of the metals contaminating the soil and maize development, heavy metal accumulation in the seeds, and the soil bacterial community structure. Our field experiment was carried out in five plots with metal contents that gradually decreased from a high level near the creek to a lower level further into the land: Zn 380–4883 mg kg−1, Cd 6–85 mg kg−1, and Pb 34–154 mg kg−1. Cultivation and isolation on nutrient agar (NA) was utilized to study the culturable bacterial community, and polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was utilized for the unculturable bacterial communities. All statistical analyses clearly indicated that rainfall and irrigation were the main factors affecting total Zn concentration and bioavailable Zn, Cd, and Pb in the field. The variation in the contents of the heavy metals was weakly correlated with the culturable bacterial community indices (Shannon-Wiener, evenness and richness), but the contents resulted in a difference in the overall diversity of the bacteria in the soil. The richness, numbers of culturable rhizobacteria, and maize growth stage significantly affected the amount of Zn and Cd that accumulated in the roots. In addition, maize accumulated a high level of Zn in the seeds, while the low contents of Cd and Pb in the seeds were below our limit of detection. The results obtained could be informative for the management of maize cultivation in the area.

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Acknowledgements

P. Natthawoot gratefully thanks the Junior Science Talent Project and the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) for grant no. JSTP-06-54-02E. The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Neung Teaumroong, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology for valuable suggestions and support with PCR-DGGE; Dr. Jolyon Dodgson for English proofreading; and the Laboratory Equipment Center, Mahasarakham University; the Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University; and Land Development Department Station 5, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand for research facilities.

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  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand

    Natthawoot Panitlertumpai, Woranan Nakbanpote & Aphidech Sangdee

  2. Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok, Thailand

    Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen

  3. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India

    Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad

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  1. Natthawoot Panitlertumpai
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Panitlertumpai, N., Nakbanpote, W., Sangdee, A. et al. Potentially toxic elements to maize in agricultural soils—microbial approach of rhizospheric and bulk soils and phytoaccumulation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 23954–23972 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2427-y

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