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Effect of foliar-applied iron complexed with lysine on growth and cadmium (Cd) uptake in rice under Cd stress

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Abstract

Contamination of soils with cadmium (Cd) is a serious problem worldwide. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is reported to accumulate relatively higher Cd contents in consumable parts and is considered a main source of Cd toxicity to humans from rice-derived products. The aim of this pot trial was to investigate the effect of foliar-applied iron (Fe) complexed with lysine on growth, photosynthesis, Cd concentration in plants, oxidative stress, and activities of antioxidants of rice in soil contaminated with Cd. Rice seedlings (30-day-old) were transferred to the soil, and after 2 weeks, different concentrations of Fe-lysine (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5 mg L−1) were applied as a foliar spray once in a week for 4 weeks and plant samples were taken after 10 weeks of growth in the soil under ambient conditions. Foliar supply of Fe-lysine complex significantly enhanced the plant height, dry weights of plants, concentration of chlorophyll, and gas exchange attributes in Cd-stressed rice. Fe-lysine decreased the Cd concentrations in plants while increasing the Fe concentrations in rice seedlings being maximum with Fe-lysine of 6.0 mg L−1. Electrolyte leakage decreased while activities of key antioxidant enzymes increased with Fe-lysine compared to the control. According to the present results, Fe-lysine complex can effectively be used to reduce Cd concentrations in rice and probably in other crop species.

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Acknowledgments

All the authors are thankful to Nasir Rasool (Department of Chemistry GC University, Faisalabad) for providing Fe-lysine.

Funding

This work was financed by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan and Government College University of Faisalabad, Pakistan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Arooj Bashir, Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali & Arosha Maqbool

  2. Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zia ur Rehman & Wajid Ishaque

  3. Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Atif Riaz

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  1. Arooj Bashir
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  2. Muhammad Rizwan
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  3. Shafaqat Ali
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  4. Muhammad Zia ur Rehman
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  5. Wajid Ishaque
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  7. Arosha Maqbool
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Correspondence to Muhammad Rizwan.

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Responsible editor: Elena Maestri

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Bashir, A., Rizwan, M., Ali, S. et al. Effect of foliar-applied iron complexed with lysine on growth and cadmium (Cd) uptake in rice under Cd stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 20691–20699 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2042-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2042-y

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