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Citrus stand ages regulate the fraction alteration of soil organic carbon under a citrus/Stropharua rugodo-annulata intercropping system in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China

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Abstract

Soil carbon fractionation is a valuable indicator in assessing stabilization of soil organic matter and soil quality. However, limited studies have addressed how different vegetation stand ages under intercropping agroforestry systems, could affect organic carbon (OC) accumulation in bulk soil and its physical fractions. A field study thus investigated the impact of citrus plantation age (15-, 25-, and 45-year citrus) on the bulk soil organic carbon (SOC) and SOC fractions and yields of Stropharia rugoso-annulata (SRA) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, Chongqing, China. Results indicated that the intercropping practice of SRA with citrus significantly increased the SOC by 57.4–61.6% in topsoil (0–10 cm) and by 24.8–39.9% in subsoil (10–30 cm). With a significantly higher enhancement under the 25-year citrus stand than the other two stands, all these citrus stands of three ages also resulted in a significant increase of free particulate OC (fPOC, 60.1–62.4% in topsoil and 34.8–46.7% in subsoil), intra-micro aggregate particulate OC (iPOC, 167.6–206.0% in topsoil and 2.77–61.09% in subsoil), and mineral-associated OC (MOC, 43.6–46.5% in topsoil and 26.0–51.5% in subsoil). However, there were no significant differences in yields of SRA under three citrus stands. Our results demonstrated that citrus stand ages did play an important role in soil carbon sequestration and fractionation under a citrus/SRA intercropping system, which could therefore provide a sustainable agroforestry system to enhance concurrently the SOC accumulation while mitigating farmland CO2 emission.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41371275), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (grant no. XDJK2016E161) and the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chongqing (grant no. CYB2015054).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

    Yang Zhang, Jiupai Ni, Tong Zhang & Deti Xie

  2. Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City, MO, 65101, USA

    John Yang

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  1. Yang Zhang
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  2. Jiupai Ni
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  3. John Yang
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  4. Tong Zhang
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Correspondence to Deti Xie.

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Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

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Zhang, Y., Ni, J., Yang, J. et al. Citrus stand ages regulate the fraction alteration of soil organic carbon under a citrus/Stropharua rugodo-annulata intercropping system in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 18363–18371 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9269-x

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