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Application of chemical oxidation to remediate HCH-contaminated soil under batch and flow through conditions

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Abstract

This is the first study describing the chemical oxidation of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in contaminated soil under water saturated and unsaturated flow through conditions. Soil contaminated with β-HCH (45 mg kg−1) and γ-HCH (lindane, 25 mg kg−1) was sampled from former lindane waste storage site. Efficiency of following treatments was tested at circumneutral pH: H2O2 alone, H2O2/FeII, Na2S2O8 alone, Na2S2O8/FeII, and KMnO4. Experimental conditions (oxidant dose, liquid/solid ratio, and soil granulometry) were first optimized in batch experiments. Obtained results revealed that increasing dose of H2O2 improved the oxidation efficiency while in Na2S2O8 system, maximum HCHs were removed at 300 mM. However, oxidation efficiency was slightly improved by FeII-activation. Increasing the solid/liquid ratio decreased HCH removal in soil samples crushed to 500 μm while an opposite trend was observed for 2-mm samples. Dynamic column experiments showed that oxidation efficiency followed the order KMnO4 > Na2S2O8/FeII > Na2S2O8 whatever the flow condition, whereas the removal extent declined at higher flow rate (e.g., ~50% by KMnO4 at 0.5 mL/min as compared to ~30% at 2 mL/min). Both HCH removal and oxidant decomposition extents were found higher in saturated columns than the unsaturated ones. While no significant change in relative abundance of soil mineral constituents was observed before and after chemical oxidation, more than 60% of extractable organic matter was lost after chemical oxidation, thereby underscoring the non-selective behavior of chemical oxidation in soil. Due to the complexity of soil system, chemical oxidation has rarely been reported under flow through conditions, and therefore our findings will have promising implications in developing remediation techniques under dynamic conditions closer to field applications.

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Acknowledgments

The financial support from French organization ADEME “Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie” Convention no. 0972C0016 is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are also thankful to Prof. C. Ruby (UMR7564 LCPME) and C. Lorgeoux (UMR7359 Géoressources) for supporting this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geosciences, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany

    Muhammad Usman

  2. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammad Usman

  3. Université de Lorraine, LIEC, UMR7360, 54505, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Muhammad Usman, Oriane Tascone & Pierre Faure

  4. CNRS, LIEC, UMR7360, 54505, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Oriane Tascone & Pierre Faure

  5. Université de Lorraine, LCPME, UMR7564, 54505, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Oriane Tascone

  6. CNRS, LCPME, UMR7564, 54600, Villers Les Nancy, France

    Oriane Tascone

  7. Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, 35708, Rennes Cedex 7, France

    Victoria Rybnikova & Khalil Hanna

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Correspondence to Muhammad Usman.

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Usman, M., Tascone, O., Rybnikova, V. et al. Application of chemical oxidation to remediate HCH-contaminated soil under batch and flow through conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 14748–14757 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9083-5

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