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Modulation of erythromycin-induced biochemical responses in crucian carp by ketoconazole

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Abstract

The individual and combined biochemical responses of erythromycin and ketoconazole have been examined in an organism representative of the aquatic environment, crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The possible interactions between erythromycin and ketoconazole were investigated on the bioaccumulation and the expression of biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and an antioxidant defense enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in fish tissues. After 14 days of combined exposure (erythromycin + ketoconazole), the addition of ketoconazole at nominal concentrations of 0.2, 2, and 20 μg/L significantly increased the accumulation of erythromycin in fish bile; however, elevated erythromycin accumulation levels were not observed in the other test tissues. The inductions of EROD and SOD activity to erythromycin were inhibited by the combined exposure of ketoconazole in most cases; however, the GST activity returned to normal with exposure time and concentration of combined administration. From the tested pharmaceutical mixtures, it indicated that certain specific combinations may pose some perturbations in biochemical responses in fish and also provide a better understanding of the effects of toxic mixtures.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Science Funds for Creative Research Groups of China (Grant 51421006), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 516030611), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant 2015B12114, 2015B16314, 2014b12514), the Yarlung Zangbo Scholars of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University (2015XYA01), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Jianchao Liu, Guanghua Lu, Yuanfei Cai, Donghai Wu, Zhenhua Yan & Yonghua Wang

  2. College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, XiZang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China

    Guanghua Lu

  3. Wentian College, Hohai University, Ma’anshan, 243031, China

    Yuanfei Cai

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  1. Jianchao Liu
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  2. Guanghua Lu
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Correspondence to Guanghua Lu.

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Responsible editor: Cinta Porte

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Liu, J., Lu, G., Cai, Y. et al. Modulation of erythromycin-induced biochemical responses in crucian carp by ketoconazole. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 5285–5292 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8268-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8268-7

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