Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of supplemental bentonite on performance, blood, and fermentation characteristics in Zandi lambs. In experiment 1, 20 Zandi male lambs (initial BW, 17.5 ± 1.6 kg and 110 ± 5 days old) were randomly assigned into four groups of five animals in each. The experimental treatments were (1) control (no Pb and bentonite), (2) 15 mg/kg DM Pb as Pb acetate and no bentonite, (3) 15 mg/kg DM Pb as Pb acetate and 1.5% bentonite, and (4) 15 mg/kg DM Pb as Pb acetate and 3% bentonite. The dietary treatments had no significant effect on dry matter intake of experimental lambs. Feed required per unit of weight gain was more (P < 0.05) in lead-exposed lambs in group 2 compared to the control and bentonite supplemented groups. Serum glucose, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, HDL, and LDL concentrations was similar among the treatments. In experiment 2, an in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate the effects of bentonite supplementation on the gas production parameters of lead-polluted diets. The rate and amount of gas production was higher for bentonite supplemented groups (P < 0.01). Asymptotic gas production (b), metabolizable energy, and concentration of short chain fatty acids were lower (P < 0.05) for lead-polluted non-supplemented diet (group 2) as compared to the bentonite supplemented and control groups. It was concluded that bentonite supplementation favorably modified ruminal fermentation pattern and improved feed conversion ratio in growing lead-exposed lambs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ayyat MS, Sharaf SM, Abbas FS, El-Marakby HI (2003) Reduction of dietary lead toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Egyptian J Nutrition and Feeds 6:419–431
Dai W, Du H, Fu L, Liu H, Xu Z (2010) Effect of montmorillonite on dietary lead (Pb) accumulation in tissues of tilapia. AppClay Sci 47:193–195.
Prvulović D, Kojić D, Popović M, Grubor-Lajšić G (2015) Inhibitory effects of aluminosilicates on lead acetate toxicity in selected organs of broilers. Thai J Vet Med 2015. 45(2): 255–261.
Farrag FH, Khalil FF, Mehrim AI (2009) Reduction of lead oxide toxicity by using bentonite in mono-sex Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus diets. Abbassa International Journal for Aquaculture, Special Issue for Global Fisheries & Aquaculture Research Conference, Cairo International Convention Center:429–451
Fernández-NavaY UM, Anger I, Marañón E, Castrillón L (2011) Use of granular bentonite in the removal of mercury (II), cadmium (II) and lead (II) from aqueous solutions. Water Air Soil Pollut 215:239–249
France J, Dijkstra J, Dhanoa MS, López S, Bannink A (2000) Estimating the extent of degradation of ruminants feeds from a description of their gas production profiles observed in vitro: derivation of models and other mathematical considerations. Brit J Nutr 83:143–150
Getachew G, De Peters EJ, Robinson PH, Fadel JG (2005) Use of an in vitro rumen gas production technique to evaluate microbial fermentation of ruminant feeds and its impact on fermentation products. Anim Feed Sci Tech 124:547–559
Hristov AN, Ivan M, Rode LM, McAllister TA (2001) Fermentation characteristics and ruminal ciliate protozoal populations in cattle fed medium-or high-concentrate barley-based diets. J Anim Sci 79:515–524
Ibrahim NM, Eweis EA, El-Beltagi HS, Abdel-Mobdy YE (2012) Effect of lead acetate toxicity on experimental male albino rat. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed:41–46
Inglezakis VJ, Stylianou MA, Gkantzou D, Loizidou MD (2007) Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by using clinoptilolite and bentonite as adsorbents. Desalination 210:248–256
Jerónimo E, Alves SP, Martinsc SV, José AM, Rui JB, Bessaa C, Santos-Silvaa J (2010) Effect of sodium bentonite and vegetable oil blend supplementation on growth, carcass quality and intramuscular fatty acid composition of lambs. Anim Feed Sci Tech 158:136–145
Katsumata H, Kaneco S, Inomata K, Itoh K, Funasaka K, Masuyama K, Ohta K (2003) Removal of heavy metals in rinsing wastewater from plating factory by adsorption with economical viable materials. J Environ Manag 69:187–191
Kaya A, Özen AH (2004) Adsorption of zinc from aqueous solutions to bentonite. J Hazard Mater 125:183–189
Khadem AA, Soffizadeh M, Afzalzadeh A (2007) Productivity, blood metabolite and carcass characteristics of fattening Zandi lambs fed sodium bentonite supplemented total mixed rations. Pakistan J Bio Sci 10:3613–3619
Khalifeh MJ, Mohammadabadi T, Chaji M, Salari S, Khalil M (2012) The effect of different levels of sodium bentonite on in vitro fermentation and digestibility of soybean meal. Proceedings of the 15th AAAP Animal Science Congress, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Thailand.
Lee S, Youngil K, Wansup K (2010) Effects of dietary addition of bentonite on manure gas emission, health, production, and meat characteristics of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers. Asian-Aust. J Anim Sci 23:1594–1600
Makkar HPS (2005) In vitro gas methods for evaluation of feeds containing phytochemicals. Anim Feed Sci Technol 123:291–302
Mohajeri G, Afzalzadeh A, Norouzian MA, Mohseni M (2014) Changes in blood metals, hematology and hepatic enzyme activities in lactating cows reared in the vicinity of a lead–zinc smelter. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 92:693–697
Oscarson DW, Hume H, King F (1994) Sorption of cesium on compacted bentonite. Clays and Clays Minerals 42:731–736
Santos MA, Aristides H (1990) Influence of inorganic lead on the biochemical blood composition of the eel, Anguilla anguilla L. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 20(1):7–9
SAS Institute (2004) User’s Guide. Version 9.1: Statistics. SAS Institute; Cary, NC.
Seddik L, Bah TM, Aoues A, Brnderdour M, Silmani M (2010) Dried leaf extract protects against lead-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Eur J Sci Res 42(1):139–151
Valverde M, Trejo C, Rojas E (2005) Is the capacity of lead acetate and cadmium chloride to induce genotoxic damage due to direct DNA-metal interaction? Toxicol Ind Health 21(243):248
Varadyova Z, isidayova K, Mihalikova S, Baran K (2006) Influence of natural magnesium sources on the in vitro fermentation and protozoan population in the rumen fluid collected from sheep. Small Rumin Res 61:63–71
Varadyova Z, Styriakova I, Kisidayova S (2007) Effect of natural dolomites on the in vitro fermentation and rumen protozoan population using rumen fluid and fresh faeces inoculum from sheep. Small Rumin Res 73:58–66
Vázquez-Armijo JF, Martínez-Tinajero JJ, López D, Salem AZM, Rojo R (2011) In vitro gas production and dry matter degradability of diets consumed by goats with or without copper and zinc supplementation. Biol Trace Elem Res 144:580–587
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Azadbakht, S., Khadem, A.A. & Norouzian, M.A. Bentonite supplementation can improve performance and fermentation parameters of chronic lead-exposed lambs. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 5426–5430 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8263-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8263-z