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Decomposition of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide in aqueous solution during UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 oxidation processes

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Abstract

3,5-Dinitrobenzamide has been widely used as a feed additive to control coccidiosis in poultry, and part of the added 3,5-dinitrobenzamide is excreted into wastewater and surface water. The removal of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide from wastewater and surface water has not been reported in previous studies. Highly reactive hydroxyl radicals from UV/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UV/titanium dioxide (TiO2) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can decompose organic contaminants efficiently. In this study, the decomposition of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide in aqueous solution during UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 oxidation processes was investigated. The decomposition of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide fits well with a fluence-based pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The decomposition in both two oxidation processes was affected by solution pH, and was inhibited under alkaline conditions. Inorganic anions such as NO3 −, Cl−, SO4 2−, HCO3 −, and CO3 2− inhibited the degradation of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide during the UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 oxidation processes. After complete decomposition in both oxidation processes, approximately 50% of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide was decomposed into organic intermediates, and the rest was mineralized to CO2, H2O, and other inorganic anions. Ions such as NH4 +, NO3 −, and NO2 − were released into aqueous solution during the degradation. The primary decomposition products of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide were identified using time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF). Based on these products and ions release, a possible decomposition pathway of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide in both UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 processes was proposed.

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Acknowledgements

This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (51578205, 51538012) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JZ2016HGTB0722).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

    Yingjie Yan, Wei Wang, Shoujun Yuan & Zhen-Hu Hu

  2. Chongqing Electric Power Design Institute, State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Company, Chongqing, 401121, China

    Qi-Nan Liao

  3. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China

    Feng Ji

Authors
  1. Yingjie Yan
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  2. Qi-Nan Liao
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  3. Feng Ji
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  4. Wei Wang
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  5. Shoujun Yuan
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  6. Zhen-Hu Hu
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Correspondence to Feng Ji or Zhen-Hu Hu.

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Responsible editor: Vítor Pais Vilar

Yingjie Yan and Qi-Nan Liao contributed equally to this paper.

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Yan, Y., Liao, QN., Ji, F. et al. Decomposition of 3,5-dinitrobenzamide in aqueous solution during UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 oxidation processes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 5360–5369 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8245-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8245-1

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