Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Removal of carbamazepine from spiked municipal wastewater using electro-Fenton process

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The electrochemical degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) in both synthetic solutions (CBZo = 12 mg/L) and enriched municipal effluents (CBZo = 60–70 μg/L) was investigated using an electro-Fenton (EF) process. Different operating parameters were investigated, including current intensity, pH, reaction time, ferrous ion concentration, and the type of anode material. The current intensity, the type of anode material, and the concentration of ferrous ions played an important role in the CBZ degradation efficiency. The degradation was mainly attributed to direct anodic oxidation. The best operating conditions for the synthetic sample were obtained at a current density of 0.2 A, a pH of 3.0, and 120 min of treatment using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode in the presence of 0.25 mM of Fe2+. Under these conditions, 52 % of total organic carbon (TOC) and 73 % of CBZ were removed. The process was also tested as tertiary treatment for a municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent, and CBZ was completely removed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

AO:

Anodic oxidation

BDD:

Boron-doped diamond

EF:

Electro-Fenton

EP:

Electro-peroxidation

CBZ:

Carbamazepine

TOC:

Total organic carbon

Ti/Pt:

Titanium coated with platinum

Ti/SnO2 :

Titanium coated with tin oxide

WWTP:

Wastewater treatment plant

References

  • Brillas E, Mur E, Sauleda R, Sanchez L, Peral J, Domènech X, Casado J (1998) Aniline mineralization by AOP's: anodic oxidation, photocatalysis, electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton processes. Appl Catal B Environ 16:31–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brillas E, Baños MÁ, Skoumal M, Cabot PL, Garrido JA, Rodríguez RM (2007) Degradation of the herbicide 2, 4-DP by anodic oxidation, electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton using platinum and boron-doped diamond anodes. Chemosphere 68:199–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brillas E, Sirés I, Oturan MA (2009) Electro-Fenton process and related electrochemical technologies based on Fenton’s reaction chemistry. Chem Rev 109:6570–6631

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calisto V, Domingues MR, Erny GL, Esteves VI (2011) Direct photodegradation of carbamazepine followed by micellar electrokinetic chromatography and mass spectrometry. Water Res 45:1095–1104. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chong MN, Jin B, Laera G, Saint CP (2011) Evaluating the photodegradation of Carbamazepine in a sequential batch photoreactor system: impacts of effluent organic matter and inorganic ions. Chem Eng J 174:595–602

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clara M, Strenn B, Kreuzinger N (2004) Carbamazepine as a possible anthropogenic marker in the aquatic environment: investigations on the behaviour of carbamazepine in wastewater treatment and during groundwater infiltration. Water Res 38:947–954. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.058

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comninellis C (1992) Electrochemical treatment of waste water containing phenol. In: Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series. vol GGEC-CHAPTER-1992-004. pp 189–201

  • Comninellis C (1994) Electrocatalysis in the electrochemical conversion/combustion of organic pollutants for waste water treatment. Electrochim Acta 39:1857–1862

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Criquet J, Leitner NKV (2009) Degradation of acetic acid with sulfate radical generated by persulfate ions photolysis. Chemosphere 77:194–200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daghrir R, Drogui P, El Khakani M (2013) Photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of chlortetracycline using Ti/TiO2 photo-anode with simultaneous H2O2 production. Electrochim Acta 87:18–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daghrir R, Drogui P, Tshibangu J, Delegan N, El Khakani MA (2014) Electrochemical treatment of domestic wastewater using boron-doped diamond and nanostructured amorphous carbon electrodes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:6578–6589

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deng J, Shao Y, Gao N, Deng Y, Zhou S, Hu X (2013a) Thermally activated persulfate (TAP) oxidation of antiepileptic drug carbamazepine in water. Chem Eng J 228:765–771

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deng J, Shao Y, Gao N, Xia S, Tan C, Zhou S, Hu X (2013b) Degradation of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine upon different UV-based advanced oxidation processes in water. Chem Eng J 222:150–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dirany A, Sirés I, Oturan N, Oturan MA (2010) Electrochemical abatement of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole from water. Chemosphere 81:594–602

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dirany A, Sirés I, Öturan N, Ozcan A, Oturan MA (2012) Electrochemical treatment of the antibiotic sulfachloropyridazine: kinetics, reaction pathways, and toxicity evolution. Environ Sci Technol 46:4074–4082

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drogui P, Elmaleh S, Rumeau M, Bernard C, Rambaud A (2001) Hydrogen peroxide production by water electrolysis: application to disinfection. J Appl Electrochem 31:877–882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Ghenymy A et al (2013) Comparative electro-Fenton and UVA photoelectro-Fenton degradation of the antibiotic sulfanilamide using a stirred BDD/air-diffusion tank reactor. Chem Eng J 234:115–123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esplugas S, Bila DM, Krause LGT, Dezotti M (2007) Ozonation and advanced oxidation technologies to remove endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water effluents. J Hazard Mater 149:631–642

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng L, van Hullebusch ED, Rodrigo MA, Esposito G, Oturan MA (2013) Removal of residual anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. A review. Chem Eng J 228:944–964

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fockedey E, Van Lierde A (2002) Coupling of anodic and cathodic reactions for phenol electro-oxidation using three-dimensional electrodes. Water Res 36:4169–4175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghauch A, Baydoun H, Dermesropian P (2011) Degradation of aqueous carbamazepine in ultrasonic/Fe0/H2O2 systems. Chem Eng J 172:18–27. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.04.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grimm J, Bessarabov D, Sanderson R (1998) Review of electro-assisted methods for water purification. Desalination 115:285–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang YW, Hwang K-Y (2000) Effects of reaction conditions on the oxidation efficiency in the Fenton process. Water Res 34:2786–2790

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapałka A, Fóti G, Comninellis C (2008) Determination of the Tafel slope for oxygen evolution on boron-doped diamond electrodes. Electrochem Commun 10:607–610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klavarioti M, Mantzavinos D, Kassinos D (2009) Removal of residual pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by advanced oxidation processes. Environ Int 35:402–417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindberg RH, Ostman M, Olofsson U, Grabic R, Fick J (2014) Occurrence and behaviour of 105 active pharmaceutical ingredients in sewage waters of a municipal sewer collection system. Water Res 58:221–229. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.076

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manoj P, Varghese R, Manoj V, Aravindakumar C (2002) Reaction of sulphate radical anion (SO4-) with cyanuric acid: a potential reaction for its degradation? Chem Lett :74–75

  • Martínez-Huitle CA, Brillas E (2009) Decontamination of wastewaters containing synthetic organic dyes by electrochemical methods: a general review. Appl Catal B Environ 87:105–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Huitle CA, Ferro S (2006) Electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants for the wastewater treatment: direct and indirect processes. Chem Soc Rev 35:1324–1340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matta R, Tlili S, Chiron S, Barbati S (2011) Removal of carbamazepine from urban wastewater by sulfate radical oxidation. Environ Chem Lett 9:347–353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miao X-S, Metcalfe CD (2003) Determination of carbamazepine and its metabolites in aqueous samples using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 75:3731–3738

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Özcan A, Şahin Y, Savaş Koparal A, Oturan MA (2008) Carbon sponge as a new cathode material for the electro-Fenton process: comparison with carbon felt cathode and application to degradation of synthetic dye basic blue 3 in aqueous medium. J Electroanal Chem 616:71–78. doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.01.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panizza M, Cerisola G (2005) Application of diamond electrodes to electrochemical processes. Electrochim Acta 51:191–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pomati F, Castiglioni S, Zuccato E, Fanelli R, Vigetti D, Rossetti C, Calamari D (2006) Effects of a complex mixture of therapeutic drugs at environmental levels on human embryonic cells. Environ Sci Technol 40:2442–2447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saien J, Khezrianjoo S (2008) Degradation of the fungicide carbendazim in aqueous solutions with UV/TiO2 process: optimization, kinetics and toxicity studies. J Hazard Mater 157:269–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigler PB, Masters B (1957) The Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Ce*(III)-Ce (IV) Exchange System1. J Am Chem Soc 79:6353–6357

  • Sirés I, Brillas E (2012) Remediation of water pollution caused by pharmaceutical residues based on electrochemical separation and degradation technologies: a review. Environ Int 40:212–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stichnothe H, Keller A, Thöming J, Lohmann N, Calmano W (2002) Reduction of tributyltin (TBT) and other organic pollutants of concern in contaminated sediments by means of an electrochemical oxidation. Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol 30:87–93. doi:10.1002/1521-401x(200211)30:2/3<87::aid-aheh87>3.0.co;2-a

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Pignatello JJ (1993) Photochemical reactions involved in the total mineralization of 2, 4-D by iron (3+)/hydrogen peroxide/UV. Environ Sci Technol 27:304–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ternes TA et al (2002) Removal of pharmaceuticals during drinking water treatment. Environ Sci Technol 36:3855–3863

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogna D, Marotta R, Andreozzi R, Napolitano A, d’Ischia M (2004) Kinetic and chemical assessment of the UV/H2O2 treatment of antiepileptic drug carbamazepine. Chemosphere 54:497–505

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Zhang D, Zhou J (2006) Removal of COD from landfill leachate by electro-Fenton method. J Hazard Mater 135:106–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Geissen SU, Gal C (2008) Carbamazepine and diclofenac: removal in wastewater treatment plants and occurrence in water bodies. Chemosphere 73:1151–1161. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.086

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Sincere thanks are extended to the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for their financial contribution to this study.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that this article has not any financial or ethical conflict of interests and does not imply the use of human beings or animals in any way.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Master Gestion et Traitement des eaux, sols et déchets, AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France

    Simon Komtchou

  2. Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada

    Ahmad Dirany & Patrick Drogui

  3. Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l’environnement, AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France

    Alain Bermond

Authors
  1. Simon Komtchou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmad Dirany
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Patrick Drogui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alain Bermond
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patrick Drogui.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Angeles Blanco

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(DOCX 35 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Komtchou, S., Dirany, A., Drogui, P. et al. Removal of carbamazepine from spiked municipal wastewater using electro-Fenton process. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 11513–11525 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4345-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4345-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation