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Long-term exposure of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to ZnO nanoparticles: anatomical and ultrastructural responses

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Abstract

Rapid development of nanotechnology in recent years has raised concerns about nanoparticle (NPs) release into the environment and its adverse effects on living organisms. The present study is the first comprehensive report on the anatomical and ultrastructural changes of a variety of cells after long-term exposure of plant to NPs or bulk material particles (BPs). Light and electron microscopy revealed some anatomical and ultrastructural modifications of the different types of cell in the root and leaf, induced by both types of treatment. Zinc oxide (ZnO) BPs-induced modifications were surprisingly more than those induced by ZnO NPs. The modifications induced by ZnO BPs or ZnO NPs were almost similar to those induced by excess Zn. Zn content of the root and leaf of both ZnO NPs- and ZnO BPs-treated plants was severely increased, where the increase was greater in the plants treated with ZnO BPs. Overall, these results indicate that the modifications induced by ZnO particles can be attributed, at least partly, to the Zn2+ dissolution by ZnO particles rather than their absorption by root and their subsequent effects.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, under Grant Number 24427. The authors thank Dr. Azizi for procuring the standard seeds of B. napus. The authors are grateful to Mrs Fatemeh Naseri and Mrs Roksana Pesian for preparing the samples for TEM and taking TEM micrographs, respectively.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Seyed Mousa Mousavi Kouhi, Mehrdad Lahouti & Ali Ganjeali

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Mohammad H. Entezari

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  1. Seyed Mousa Mousavi Kouhi
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  2. Mehrdad Lahouti
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  3. Ali Ganjeali
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  4. Mohammad H. Entezari
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Correspondence to Seyed Mousa Mousavi Kouhi.

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Responsible editor: Elena Maestri

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Mousavi Kouhi, S.M., Lahouti, M., Ganjeali, A. et al. Long-term exposure of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to ZnO nanoparticles: anatomical and ultrastructural responses. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 10733–10743 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4306-0

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