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Potentially toxic element phytoavailability assessment in Technosols from former smelting and mining areas

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Abstract

This study reports the chemical bioavailability of several potentially toxic elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, As, and Sb) in contaminated Technosols from two former smelting and mining areas. Though these elements have long been recognized as potentially harmful elements, understanding of their toxicity and environmental behavior in Technosols developed on former mining and smelting sites are more limited, particularly for As and Sb. Surface soils were sampled from metallophyte grassland contaminated with Zn, Pb, and Cd located at Mortagne-du-Nord (North France) and from a former mining settling basin contaminated with As, Pb, and Sb located at la Petite Faye (Limoges, France). Various selective single extraction procedures (CaCl2, NaNO3, NH4NO3, DTPA, and EDTA) were used together with germination tests with dwarf beans whose shoots were analyzed for their potentially toxic element concentrations after 21 days of growth. The extraction capacity of the potentially toxic elements followed the order EDTA > DTPA > NH4NO3 > CaCl2 > NaNO3 for both studied areas. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis between the concentrations of potentially toxic elements accumulated in bean primary leaves or their mineral mass with their extractable concentrations showed a positive significant correlation with dilute CaCl2 and nitrate solutions extraction procedures. In contrast, for all studied elements, except Pb, the complexing and chelating extractants (EDTA and DTPA) exhibited poor correlation with the dwarf bean leaves concentrations. Moreover, results showed that the 0.01 M CaCl2 extraction procedure was the most suitable and provided the most useful indications of metal phytoavailability for studied elements.

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Abbreviations

EC:

Electrical conductivity

LPF:

La Petite Faye

MDN:

Mortagne-du-Nord

Ng:

No growth

Ns:

No significant correlation

TOC:

Total organic carbon

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Baghdad, Iraq), Dr. Domenico Morabito (Université d’Orléans) for microwave digestion, and Dr. Cécile Grosbois (Université de Tours) for granulometric analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ISTO Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orléans, UMR7327 CNRS-Université d’Orléans Campus Géosciences, 1A rue de la Férollerie, 45071, Orléans, France

    Bashar Qasim & Mikael Motelica-Heino

  2. Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

    Bashar Qasim

  3. Université de Limoges, GRESE, EA 4330, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France

    Emmanuel Joussein & Marilyne Soubrand

  4. Laboratoire de Génie-Civil et géo Environnement, LGCgE-EA4515, Université Lille 1, 59655, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France

    Arnaud Gauthier

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  1. Bashar Qasim
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  3. Emmanuel Joussein
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Correspondence to Bashar Qasim.

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Qasim, B., Motelica-Heino, M., Joussein, E. et al. Potentially toxic element phytoavailability assessment in Technosols from former smelting and mining areas. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 5961–5974 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3768-9

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