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Dechlorination of chloroorganics, decolorization, and simultaneous bioremediation of Cr6+ from real tannery effluent employing indigenous Bacillus cereus isolate

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Abstract

A native Bacillus cereus isolate has been employed, for the first time, for simultaneous decolorization, dechlorination of chloroorganics, and Cr6+ remediation from the real tannery effluent. Most of the physicochemical variables in 3:1 diluted effluent were well above the standard prescribed limits, which decreased substantially upon microbial treatment. The extent of bioremediation was better in diluted (3:1) as compared to undiluted effluent supplemented with nutrients and augmented with B. cereus isolate. Maximum growth, effluent decolorization (42.5 %), dechlorination (74.1 %), and Cr6+ remediation (34.2 %) were attained with 4.0 % (v/v) inoculum, 0.8 % glucose, and 0.2 % ammonium chloride in 3:1 diluted effluent at natural pH (8.1) within 72 h of incubation. The efficiency of bioremediation in a bioreactor was higher as compared to a flask trial during 72 h of incubation: decolorization (47.9 %) was enhanced by 5.4 %, dechlorination (77.4 %) by 3.3 %, and Cr6+ removal (41.7 %) by 7.5 % at an initial color of 286 Pt-Co units and initial concentration of 62 mg chloride ions and 108 mg l−1 Cr6+. Immobilized biomass of Pseudomonas putida and B. cereus coculture enhanced the extent of Cr6+ remediation (51.9 %) by 10.2 % compared to the bioreactor trial. Chromate reductase activity and reduced Cr directly correlated and were mainly associated with soluble fraction of B. cereus plus effluent natural microflora. The GC-MS analyses revealed the formation of metabolites such as acetic acid and 2-butenoic acid in bacterially treated effluent. The supplementation of nutrients along with B. cereus augmentation is required for efficient effluent bioremediation.

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Acknowledgments

The authors express sincere thanks to the Sophisticated Advanced Instrumentation Facilities, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India for the GC-MS analysis. Facilities provided by the Government of Uttar Pradesh under Centre of Excellence and Government of India’s DST-FIST schemes are duly acknowledged.

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  1. Centre of Excellence, DST-FIST Supported Department of Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, 224001, India

    Manikant Tripathi & Satyendra Kumar Garg

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  1. Manikant Tripathi
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  2. Satyendra Kumar Garg
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Correspondence to Satyendra Kumar Garg.

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Tripathi, M., Garg, S.K. Dechlorination of chloroorganics, decolorization, and simultaneous bioremediation of Cr6+ from real tannery effluent employing indigenous Bacillus cereus isolate. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 5227–5241 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2479-y

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