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Residual Stress Measurements in Dissimilar Weld Metal

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Abstract

This paper describes measurements of residual stress in thin slices removed from the wall of a pressurizer safety/relief nozzle, which is a cylindrical welded component found in a nuclear power pressurized water reactor. Because the slices comprise a cross-section through a dissimilar metal weld that joins the low-alloy steel pressurizer to a stainless steel safe-end, the residual stress measurements are difficult. Typical welds have large grains and preferred orientations, along with chemical and phase gradients, that challenge diffraction techniques using neutron or x-ray beams. Welds also contain spatial gradients of residual stress that challenge mechanical release techniques like contour, slitting, and hole drilling. Therefore, the paper describes the application of, and compares the results from, three applicable residual stress measurement techniques: slitting, electronic speckle pattern interferometry hole drilling, and neutron diffraction. The results of slitting and neutron diffraction are in rough agreement, while the results from hole drilling are significantly different. An uncertainty analysis shows that slitting results had the smallest uncertainty, followed by hole drilling, and that neutron diffraction results had large uncertainty, particularly in the weld.

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Acknowledgments

The Electric Power Research Institute, Materials Reliability Program (Paul Crooker, Principal Technical Leader) provided financial support for this work. The PWR nozzle was part of an NRC/EPRI cooperative activity on weld residual stress, and the cooperation of the NRC is appreciated (Aladar Csontos, Matthew Kerr, David Rudland, and Howard Rathbun). During the work, the first author (Olson) was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Summer Program (Michael B. Prime, mentor). The neutron diffraction work was funded by grant #20111200 for beamtime at the SMARTS diffractometer at LANSCE. The authors also acknowledge Adrian DeWald (Hill Engineering, LLC) for a portion of the slitting measurements, and Michael B. Prime of LANL for helpful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    M. D. Olson & M. R. Hill

  2. Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA

    B. Clausen

  3. Los Alamos National Laboratory, W-2, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA

    M. Steinzig

  4. Northern Stress Technologies, Deep River, ON, Canada, K0J 1P0

    T. M. Holden

Authors
  1. M. D. Olson
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  2. M. R. Hill
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  3. B. Clausen
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  4. M. Steinzig
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  5. T. M. Holden
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Correspondence to M. R. Hill.

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Olson, M.D., Hill, M.R., Clausen, B. et al. Residual Stress Measurements in Dissimilar Weld Metal. Exp Mech 55, 1093–1103 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-015-0010-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-015-0010-8

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