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Experimental Measurement of Dynamic Forces Generated during Short-Duration Contacts: Application to Blade-Casing Interactions in Aircraft Engines

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Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to present an experimental set-up dedicated to the study of high speed interactions such as those occurring between the rotating blade and the casing of an aircraft engine compressor. A simplified approach of rotor/stator interaction was experimentally simulated for ranges of velocities and interaction depths varying from 60 m/s to 270 m/s and from 0.13 mm to 0.35 mm respectively. Only high speed orthogonal contact were studied. The device was made up of a ballistic bench projecting a sample of abradable material (M601) against an instrumented tool (Steel 42CrMo4) representing the simplified blade shape. In order to increase significantly the measurement system bandwidth and to measure accurately the high speed interaction forces, a correction method based on the principle of modal analysis was developed and successfully employed. This work provides new experimental data regarding the material behavior of M601 in high speed orthogonal cutting conditions. They were in good agreement with those already observed in the literature for velocities up to 100 m/s. These new results showed the non-linear increase of the mean interaction force with the velocity and incursion depth for the large range of velocities considered in this present work. Post-experiment observations gave evidence of two wear mechanisms: cutting and plastic deformation.

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Abbreviations

\(\Delta T_{i}\) :

Interaction duration [s]

\(\Delta T_{td}\) :

Duration of tension drop observed on diode signal [s]

\(F_{m}\) :

Mean Interaction force [N]

\(L_{p}\) :

Projectile length [mm]

\(t_{1}\) :

Mean incursion depth [mm]

\(t_{1t}\) :

Theoretical incursion depth [mm]

\(\Delta t_{1}\) :

Incursion depth variation during the interaction [mm]

\(V_{i}\) :

Mean interaction velocity calculated by analysing laser diode signal [m/s]

\(V_{max}\) :

Maximum interaction velocity calculated by analysing laser diode signal [m/s]

\(V_{MFR}\) :

Mean interaction velocity calculated by analysing force recordingl [m/s]

\(V_{min}\) :

Minimum interaction velocity calculated by analysing laser diode signall [m/s]

\(\gamma ^{2}\) :

Coherence

\(G_{II}\) :

Input auto-spectrum [\(N_{2}\)]

\(G_{IO}\) :

Input-response cross-spectrum [VN]

\(G_{OI}\) :

Response-input cross-spectrum [VN]

\(G_{OO}\) :

Response auto-spectrum [\(V_{2}\)]

\(H_{1}\) :

First estimation of the frequency response func tion [V/N]

\(H_{2}\) :

Second estimation of the frequency response function [V/N]

[\(H(j\omega )\)]:

Correction matrix [N/V]

\(\{I(j \omega )\}\) :

Vector of the Fourier transformed input signals of forces imposed on the structure i(t) [N]

\(\{ i(t)\} \) :

Input [N]

\(I_{a}(j\omega )\) :

Fourier transformed input signal of axial force imposed on the tool tip [N]

\(\{ o(t)\} \) :

Output [V]

\(\{ O(j\omega )\}\) :

Vector of the Fourier transformed output signals delivered by the sensors o(t) [V]

\(O_{g}(j\omega )\) :

Fourier transformed output signal delivered by the gauge [V]

\(O_{p}(j\omega )\) :

Fourier transformed output signal delivered by the piezoelectric sensor [V]

[\(T(j\omega )\)]:

Transmissibility matrix [V/N]

\(T_{g}(j\omega )\) :

Frequency response function of the strain gauge [V/N]

\(T_{p}(j\omega )\) :

Frequency response function of the piezoelectric sensor [V/N]

[A]\(^{H}\) :

Hermitian transpose of matrix [A]

\(<...>\) :

Arithmetic mean

\(\overline {A}\) :

Conjugate of a complex number A

FFT :

Fast Fourier Transform

FRF :

Frequency Response Function

LBF :

Located Frequency Band

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Acknowledgments

This work takes place in the framework of the MAIA mechanical research and technology program sponsored by SNECMA of SAFRAN Group. The authors are grateful for the financial support to develop this project. They would also like to acknowledge Mr. David Stinger, engineer at the National Engineering School of Metz (E.N.I.M.), for his contribution to the device design.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Mechanics, Biomechanics, Polymers, Structures (La.B.P.S.), National Engineering School of Metz (E.N.I.M.), 1 route d’Ars Laquenexy, 57078, Metz, France

    M. Cuny, S. Philippon & P. Chevrier

  2. SNECMA, site de Villaroche, 77550, Moissy-Cramayel, France

    F. Garcin

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  1. M. Cuny
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  2. S. Philippon
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  4. F. Garcin
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Correspondence to M. Cuny.

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Cuny, M., Philippon, S., Chevrier, P. et al. Experimental Measurement of Dynamic Forces Generated during Short-Duration Contacts: Application to Blade-Casing Interactions in Aircraft Engines. Exp Mech 54, 101–114 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-013-9780-z

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