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Sleep architecture of short sleep time in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective single-facility study

  • Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Sleep architecture consists of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep time. Non-REM sleep time is further classified into three stages by depth (stage N1–N3). Some studies have reported that short sleep time predicts all-cause mortality. Short sleep time can have characteristics of sleep architecture which contribute to poor prognosis. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease which causes cessation or decline of ventilation during sleep due to upper airway stenosis and affects sleep architecture. Few studies have reported on the sleep architecture of short sleep time in patients with OSA. Therefore, we aimed to observe this phenomenon.

Methods

From May 2008 to September 2021, patients diagnosed with OSA at our facility were assessed for clinical history and underwent full-night polysomnography (PSG). These patients were classified into two groups: total sleep time (TST) recorded on PSG consisting of a short TST (< 7 h) group and a not short TST (≥ 7 h) group.

Results

Of 266 patients with OSA, compared to the not short TST group (n = 131), the short TST group (n = 135) had a lower REM sleep time (%) and a higher stage N1 sleep time (%). There was a significant difference in age between the two groups, so sub-analyses classified the patients by age: non-elderly patients (< 65 years) and elderly patients (≥ 65 years) to adjust for age. Both sub-analyses showed similar results to the analysis for the combined ages regarding sleep architecture.

Conclusion

Patients with OSA who had short sleep time had disordered sleep architecture with a lower REM sleep time (%) and more stage N1 sleep time.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to institutional limitation, yet they are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan

    Shuhei Nozawa, Kazuhisa Urushihata, Ryosuke Machida & Masayuki Hanaoka

Authors
  1. Shuhei Nozawa
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  2. Kazuhisa Urushihata
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  3. Ryosuke Machida
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  4. Masayuki Hanaoka
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Contributions

Formal analysis and investigation (Shuhei Nozawa, Kazuhisa Urushihata, and Ryosuke Machida). Additional formal analysis, interpretation, and correction (Masayuki Hanaoka). All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shuhei Nozawa.

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This study was approved by the research ethics committee of the Shinshu University School of Medicine (Approval number: 4917). The study protocols were performed in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association.

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Nozawa, S., Urushihata, K., Machida, R. et al. Sleep architecture of short sleep time in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective single-facility study. Sleep Breath 26, 1633–1640 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-021-02533-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-021-02533-7

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