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Effects of vibratory feedback stimuli through an oral appliance on sleep bruxism: a 6-week intervention trial

  • Dentistry • Original Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Various biofeedback stimulation techniques of managing sleep bruxism (SB) have recently emerged; however, the effect of successive application of vibratory feedback stimulation has not been clarified. This study elucidated the effect of vibration feedback stimulation via an oral appliance (OA) on SB when vibration feedback was applied for 4 weeks.

Methods

This was a prospective, single-arm, open-label, intervention study. Ten participants diagnosed with “definite” SB wore a specially designed OA for 45 nights in a home-setting. A force-based SB detection system, including a pressure-sensitive piezoelectric film placed internally in the OA, triggered a vibrator attached to the OA. Vibratory stimulation was withheld during the first 2-week adaptation period (1st–15th nights), applied during the 4-week stimulation period (16th–43rd nights), and again withheld during the post-stimulation period (44th and 45th nights). The number and duration of SB episodes/hour of sleep were calculated based on masseter electromyographic activity recorded with in-home portable polysomnography and compared between the 15th and 45th nights (without stimulation) and the 17th and 43rd nights (with stimulation).

Results

The number and duration of SB episodes significantly decreased after vibratory stimulation (15th vs. 17th nights: p = 0.012 and p = 0.012, respectively), then significantly increased upon cessation of vibratory stimulation after the stimulation period (43rd vs. 45th nights: p = 0.023 and p = 0.023, respectively).

Conclusion

Contingent vibratory stimulation through an OA may suppress SB-related masticatory muscle activity continuously for 4 weeks and may be an effective alternative for the management of SB.

Trial registration

https://jrct.niph.go.jp/; trial registration number: jRCTs032190225

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Availability of data and material

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Code availability

Software: R Project for Statistical Computing, RRID:SCR_001905.

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Funding

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant number JP19K19140).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan

    Hironobu Ohara, Masayuki Takaba, Yuka Abe, Yukari Nakazato, Risa Aoki, Yuya Yoshida & Kazuyoshi Baba

  2. Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Temporomandibular Disorders, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan

    Takeshi Suganuma

Authors
  1. Hironobu Ohara
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  2. Masayuki Takaba
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  3. Yuka Abe
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  4. Yukari Nakazato
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  5. Risa Aoki
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  6. Yuya Yoshida
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  7. Takeshi Suganuma
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  8. Kazuyoshi Baba
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Contributions

K.B. and H.O. contributed to the design of the study. H.O. and R.A. performed the measurements. Y.N. performed the scoring of sleep bruxism episodes, and Y.Y. reviewed the scoring results. H.O., M.T., and Y.A. drafted the manuscript and contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data. T.S. aided in interpreting the results. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the study and manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazuyoshi Baba.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol was approved by the institutional research ethics committee (Showa University Clinical Research Review Board, No. 20).

Consent to participate.

Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment in this study.

Consent for publication.

The participants provided written informed consent regarding the publication of their data and photographs.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Oral Appliance Therapy

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Ohara, H., Takaba, M., Abe, Y. et al. Effects of vibratory feedback stimuli through an oral appliance on sleep bruxism: a 6-week intervention trial. Sleep Breath 26, 949–957 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-021-02460-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-021-02460-7

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