Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

What Has Intrinsic Signal Optical Imaging Taught Us About NGF-Induced Rapid Plasticity in Adult Cortex and Its Relationship to the Cholinergic System?

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Molecular Imaging and Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISI) is a high-resolution functional brain mapping technique that is being used to further our understanding of the neocortex and its interaction with drugs. Recent studies using combination ISI and in vivo pharmacology have advanced our insight into the actions of both acetylcholine and neurotrophins on inducing rapid and large-scale cortical plasticity. In particular, it appears that acetylcholine (ACh), nicotinic ACh receptors, nerve growth factor (NGF), and NGF receptors (TrkA and p75) are involved in an important feedback loop between the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS) and the neocortex. Specifically, recent data suggest that NGF expressed in the cortex may act on multiple time scales on the BFCS: acutely to increase BFCS release of acetylcholine, intermediately to induce sprouting of BFCS axons, and long-term to change gene expression of BFCS neurons. In this article, advances in understanding the links in vivo between the BFCS, neocortex, nicotinic ACh receptors, and NGF are reviewed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A Grinvald E Lieke RD Frostig CD Gilbert TN Wiesel (1986) ArticleTitleFunctional architecture of cortex revealed by optical imaging of intrinsic signals Nature 324 361–364 Occurrence Handle10.1038/324361a0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. RD Frostig EE Lieke DY Ts’o A Grinvald (1990) ArticleTitleCortical functional architecture and local coupling between neuronal activity and the microcirculation revealed by in vivo high-resolution optical imaging of intrinsic signals Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87 6082–6086

    Google Scholar 

  3. RD Frostig (Eds) (2002) In vivo optical imaging of brain function CRC Press Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  4. M Bothwell (1995) ArticleTitleFunctional interactions of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors Annu Rev Neurosci 18 223–253 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. HM Heerssen RA Segal (2002) ArticleTitleLocation, location, location: A spatial view of neurotrophin signal transduction Trends Neurosci 25 160–165 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02144-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. DD Ginty RA Segal (2002) ArticleTitleRetrograde neurotrophin signaling: Trk-ing along the axon Curr Opin Neurobiol 12 268–274 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00326-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. FD Miller DR Kaplan (2001) ArticleTitleOn Trk for retrograde signaling Neuron 32 767–770 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00529-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. WJ Friedman LA Greene (1999) ArticleTitleNeurotrophin signaling via Trks and p75 Exp Cell Res 253 131–142 Occurrence Handle10.1006/excr.1999.4705 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnsF2itL4%3D Occurrence Handle10579918

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. YA Barde (1989) ArticleTitleTrophic factors and neuronal survival Neuron 2 1525–1534 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0896-6273(89)90040-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXls1Gntrs%3D Occurrence Handle2697237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. R Levi-Montalcini (1987) ArticleTitleThe nerve growth factor 35 years later Science 237 1154–1162 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiiA3MbmtlI%3D Occurrence Handle3306916

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. S Korsching (1993) ArticleTitleThe neurotrophic factor concept: A reexamination J Neurosci 13 2739–2748

    Google Scholar 

  12. MV Sofroniew CL Howe WC Mobley (2001) ArticleTitleNerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair Annu Rev Neurosci 24 1217–1281 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. EC Yuen CL Howe Y Li DM Holtzman WC Mobley (1996) ArticleTitleNerve growth factor and the neurotrophic factor hypothesis Brain Dev 18 362–368 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0387-7604(96)00051-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. N Prakash S Cohen-Cory RD Frostig (1996) ArticleTitleDifferential effects of neurotrophins on the functional organization of the adult barrel cortex in vivo Soc Neurosci Abstr 22 997

    Google Scholar 

  15. N Prakash S Cohen-Cory RD Frostig (1996) ArticleTitleRapid and opposite effects of BDNF and NGF on the functional organization of the adult cortex in vivo Nature 381 702–706 Occurrence Handle10.1038/381702a0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. N Prakash S Cohen-Cory S Penschuck RD Frostig (2004) ArticleTitleBasal forebrain cholinergic system is involved in rapid nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced plasticity in the barrel cortex of adult rats J Neurophysiol 91 424–437 Occurrence Handle10.1152/jn.00489.2003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. DR Riddle AK McAllister DC Lo LC Katz (1996) ArticleTitleNeurotrophins in cortical development Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 61 85–93

    Google Scholar 

  18. A Cellerino L Maffei (1996) ArticleTitleThe action of neurotrophins in the development and plasticity of the visual cortex Prog Neurobiol 49 53–71

    Google Scholar 

  19. T Bonhoeffer (1996) ArticleTitleNeurotrophins and activity-dependent development of the neocortex Curr Opin Neurobiol 6 119–126 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0959-4388(96)80017-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. N Berardi T Pizzorusso GM Ratto L Maffei (2003) ArticleTitleMolecular basis of plasticity in the visual cortex Trends Neurosci 26 369–378 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00168-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. RA Galuske DS Kim W Singer (1999) ArticleTitleThe role of neurotrophins in developmental cortical plasticity Restor Neurol Neurosci 15 115–124

    Google Scholar 

  22. MA Silver M Fagiolini DC Gillespie et al. (2001) ArticleTitleInfusion of nerve growth factor (NGF) into kitten visual cortex increases immunoreactivity for NGF, NGF receptors, and choline acetyltransferase in basal forebrain without affecting ocular dominance plasticity or column development Neuroscience 108 569–585 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00391-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. RA Galuske DS Kim E Castren W Singer (2000) ArticleTitleDifferential effects of neurotrophins on ocular dominance plasticity in developing and adult cat visual cortex Eur J Neurosci 12 3315–3330 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00213.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. L Domenici G Fontanesi A Cattaneo P Bagnoli L Maffei (1994) ArticleTitleNerve growth factor (NGF) uptake and transport following injection in the developing rat visual cortex Vis Neurosci 11 1093–1102

    Google Scholar 

  25. L Domenici A Cellerino N Berardi A Cattaneo L Maffei (1994) ArticleTitleAntibodies to nerve growth factor (NGF) prolong the sensitive period for monocular deprivation in the rat NeuroReport 5 2041–2044

    Google Scholar 

  26. G Carmignoto R Canella P Candeo MC Comelli L Maffei (1993) ArticleTitleEffects of nerve growth factor on neuronal plasticity of the kitten visual cortex J Physiol (Lond) 464 343–360

    Google Scholar 

  27. Q Gu (1995) ArticleTitleInvolvement of nerve growth factor in visual cortex plasticity Rev Neurosci 6 329–351

    Google Scholar 

  28. AK McAllister DC Lo LC Katz (1995) ArticleTitleNeurotrophins regulate dendritic growth in developing visual cortex Neuron 15 791–803 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0896-6273(95)90171-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. T Nishio S Furukawa I Akiguchi et al. (1994) ArticleTitleCellular localization of nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivity in adult rat brain: Quantitative and immunohistochemical study Neuroscience 60 67–84 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0306-4522(94)90204-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. A Blochl H Thoenen (1995) ArticleTitleCharacterization of nerve growth factor (NGF) release from hippocampal neurons: Evidence for a constitutive and an unconventional sodium-dependent regulated pathway Eur J Neurosci 7 1220–1228

    Google Scholar 

  31. A Blochl C Sirrenberg (1996) ArticleTitleNeurotrophins stimulate the release of dopamine from rat mesencephalic neurons via Trk and p75Lntr receptors J Biol Chem 271 21100–21107 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.271.35.21100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. G Carmignoto T Pizzorusso S Tia S Vicini (1997) ArticleTitleBrain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor potentiate excitatory synaptic transmission in the rat visual cortex J Physiol (Lond) 498 153–164

    Google Scholar 

  33. NR Holm P Christophersen SP Olesen S Gammeltoft (1997) ArticleTitleActivation of calcium-dependent potassium channels in rat brain neurons by NT3 and NGF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 1002–1006 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.94.3.1002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. H Wenk V Bigl U Meyer (1980) ArticleTitleCholinergic projections from magnocellular nuclei of the basal forebrain to cortical areas in rats Brain Res 2 295–316 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0165-0173(80)90011-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. MV Sofroniew F Eckenstein H Thoenen AC Cuello (1982) ArticleTitleTopography of choline acetyltransferase-containing neurons in the forebrain of the rat Neurosci Lett 33 7–12 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0304-3940(82)90121-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. HC Fibiger (1982) ArticleTitleThe organization and some projections of cholinergic neurons of the mammalian forebrain Brain Res 257 327–388

    Google Scholar 

  37. J Lehmann JI Nagy S Atmadia HC Fibiger (1980) ArticleTitleThe nucleus basalis magnocellularis: The origin of a cholinergic projection to the neocortex of the rat Neuroscience 5 1161–1174 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0306-4522(80)90195-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Y Lamour P Dutar A Jobert (1982) ArticleTitleTopographic organization of basal forebrain neurons projecting to the rat cerebral cortex Neurosci Lett 34 117–122 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0304-3940(82)90162-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. ME Jimenez-Capdeville RW Dykes AA Myasnikov (1997) ArticleTitleDifferential control of cortical activity by the basal forebrain in rats: A role for both cholinergic and inhibitory influences J Comp Neurol 381 53–67

    Google Scholar 

  40. MM Mesulam EJ Mufson AI Levey BH Wainer (1983) ArticleTitleCholinergic innervation of cortex by the basal forebrain: Cytochemistry and cortical connections of the septal area, diagonal band nuclei, nucleus basalis (substantia innominata), and hypothalamus in the rhesus monkey J Comp Neurol 214 170–197 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiyC1cnpt1c%3D Occurrence Handle6841683

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. DA McCormick (1992) ArticleTitleCellular mechanisms underlying cholinergic and noradrenergic modulation of neuronal firing mode in the cat and guinea pig dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus J Neurosci 12 278–289

    Google Scholar 

  42. RW Dykes (1997) ArticleTitleMechanisms controlling neuronal plasticity in somatosensory cortex Can J Physiol Pharmacol 75 535–545 Occurrence Handle10.1139/cjpp-75-5-535

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. EM Meyer et al. (1987) ArticleTitleEffects of nucleus basalis lesions on the muscarinic and nicotinic modulation of [3H]acetylcholine release in the rat cerebral cortex J Neurochem 49 1758–1762

    Google Scholar 

  44. N Lavine M Reuben PB Clarke (1997) ArticleTitleA population of nicotinic receptors is associated with thalamocortical afferents in the adult rat: Laminal and areal analysis J Comp Neurol 380 175–190 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19970407)380:2<175::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. E Christophe A Roebuck JF Staiger DJ Lavery S Charpak E Audinat (2002) ArticleTitleTwo types of nicotinic receptors mediate an excitation of neocortical layer I interneurons J Neurophysiol 88 1318–1327

    Google Scholar 

  46. DA McCormick (1993) ArticleTitleActions of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex and thalamus and implications for function Prog Brain Res 98 303–308

    Google Scholar 

  47. DE Shulz R Sosnik V Ego S Haidarliu E Ahissar (2000) ArticleTitleA neuronal analogue of state-dependent learning Nature 403 549–553 Occurrence Handle10.1038/35000586

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. SE Jacobs SL Juliano (1995) ArticleTitleThe impact of basal forebrain lesions on the ability of rats to perform a sensory discrimination task involving barrel cortex J Neurosci 15 1099–1109

    Google Scholar 

  49. NM Weinberger (2003) ArticleTitleThe nucleus basalis and memory codes: Auditory cortical plasticity and the induction of specific, associative behavioral memory Neurobiol Learn Mem 80 268–284 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1074-7427(03)00072-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Y Lamour RW Dykes (1988) ArticleTitleSomatosensory neurons in partially deafferented rat hindlimb granular cortex subsequent to transection of the sciatic nerve: Effects of glutamate and acetylcholine Brain Res 449 18–33 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-8993(88)91020-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. R Metherate N Tremblay RW Dykes (1988) ArticleTitleTransient and prolonged effects of acetylcholine on responsiveness of cat somatosensory cortical neurons [published erratum appears in J Neurophysiol 1990 Jan;63(1):223] J Neurophysiol 59 1253–1276

    Google Scholar 

  52. DD Rasmusson RW Dykes (1988) ArticleTitleLong-term enhancement of evoked potentials in cat somatosensory cortex produced by co-activation of the basal forebrain and cutaneous receptors Exp Brain Res 70 276–286 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00248353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. HH Webster DD Rasmusson RW Dykes et al. (1991) ArticleTitleLong-term enhancement of evoked potentials in raccoon somatosensory cortex following co-activation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert complex and cutaneous receptors Brain Res 545 292–296 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-8993(91)91300-P

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. N Tremblay RA Warren RW Dykes (1990) ArticleTitleElectrophysiological studies of acetylcholine and the role of the basal forebrain in the somatosensory cortex of the cat. II. Cortical neurons excited by somatic stimuli J Neurophysiol 64 1212–1222

    Google Scholar 

  55. S Penschuck CH Chen-Bee N Prakash RD Frostig (2002) ArticleTitleIn vivo modulation of a cortical functional sensory representation shortly after topical cholinergic agent application J Comp Neurol 452 38–50 Occurrence Handle10.1002/cne.10361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. J Delacour O Houcine JC Costa (1990) ArticleTitleEvidence for a cholinergic mechanism of “learned” changes in the responses of barrel field neurons of the awake and undrugged rat Neuroscience 34 1–8 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0306-4522(90)90299-J

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. SL Juliano DE Eslin M Tommerdahl (1994) ArticleTitleDevelopmental regulation of plasticity in cat somatosensory cortex J Neurophysiol 72 1706–1716

    Google Scholar 

  58. SL Juliano W Ma MF Bear D Eslin (1990) ArticleTitleCholinergic manipulation alters stimulus-evoked metabolic activity in cat somatosensory cortex J Comp Neurol 297 106–120 Occurrence Handle10.1002/cne.902970108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. SL Juliano W Ma D Eslin (1991) ArticleTitleCholinergic depletion prevents expansion of topographic maps in somatosensory cortex Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88 780–784

    Google Scholar 

  60. ID Manns L Mainville BE Jones (2001) ArticleTitleEvidence for glutamate, in addition to acetylcholine and GABA, neurotransmitter synthesis in basal forebrain neurons projecting to the entorhinal cortex Neuroscience 107 249–263 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00302-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. RN Sachdev SM Lu RG Wiley FF Ebner (1998) ArticleTitleRole of the basal forebrain cholinergic projection in somatosensory cortical plasticity J Neurophysiol 79 3216–3228

    Google Scholar 

  62. RT Richardson MR DeLong (1986) ArticleTitleNucleus basalis of Meynert neuronal activity during a delayed response task in monkey Brain Res 399 364–368 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-8993(86)91529-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. G Buzsaki RG Bickford G Ponomareff LJ Thal R Mandel FH Gage (1988) ArticleTitleNucleus basalis and thalamic control of neocortical activity in the freely moving rat J Neurosci 8 4007–4026

    Google Scholar 

  64. M Sarter JP Bruno (1997) ArticleTitleCognitive functions of cortical acetylcholine: Toward a unifying hypothesis Brain Res Brain Res Rev 23 28–46 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0165-0173(96)00009-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. GL Wenk (1997) ArticleTitleThe nucleus basalis magnocellularis cholinergic system: One hundred years of progress Neurobiol Learn Mem 67 85–95 Occurrence Handle10.1006/nlme.1996.3757

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. F Hefti J Hartikka B Knusel (1989) ArticleTitleFunction of neurotrophic factors in the adult and aging brain and their possible use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases Neurobiol Aging 10 515–533 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0197-4580(89)90118-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. AC Cuello D Maysinger L Garofalo (1992) ArticleTitleTrophic factor effects on cholinergic innervation in the cerebral cortex of the adult rat brain Mol Neurobiol 6 451–461

    Google Scholar 

  68. B Will F Hefti (1985) ArticleTitleBehavioural and neurochemical effects of chronic intraventricular injections of nerve growth factor in adult rats with fimbria lesions Behav Brain Res 17 17–24 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0166-4328(85)90004-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. LR Williams S Varon GM Peterson et al. (1986) ArticleTitleContinuous infusion of nerve growth factor prevents basal forebrain neuronal death after fimbria fornix transection Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83 9231–9235

    Google Scholar 

  70. LF Kromer (1987) ArticleTitleNerve growth factor treatment after brain injury prevents neuronal death Science 235 214–216

    Google Scholar 

  71. FH Gage DM Armstrong LR Williams S Varon (1988) ArticleTitleMorphological response of axotomized septal neurons to nerve growth factor J Comp Neurol 269 147–155 Occurrence Handle10.1002/cne.902690112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. VE Koliatsos HJ Nauta RE Clatterbuck DM Holtzman WC Mobley DL Price (1990) ArticleTitleMouse nerve growth factor prevents degeneration of axotomized basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the monkey J Neurosci 10 3801–3813

    Google Scholar 

  73. AJ Dekker FH Gage LJ Thal (1992) ArticleTitleDelayed treatment with nerve growth factor improves acquisition of a spatial task in rats with lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis: Evaluation of the involvement of different neurotransmitter systems Neuroscience 48 111–119 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0306-4522(92)90342-Y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. SE Jacobs A Fine SL Juliano (1994) ArticleTitleCholinergic basal forebrain transplants restore diminished metabolic activity in the somatosensory cortex of rats with acetylcholine depletion [published erratum appears in J Neurosci 1994 Mar;14(3 Pt 2): following table of contents] J Neurosci 14 697–711

    Google Scholar 

  75. O Rahimi SL Juliano (2001) ArticleTitleTransplants of NGF-secreting fibroblasts restore stimulus-evoked activity in barrel cortex of basal-forebrain-lesioned rats J Neurophysiol 86 2081–2096

    Google Scholar 

  76. O Rahimi DE Eslin GF Hill SuffixII SL Juliano (1999) ArticleTitleNerve growth factor increases stimulus-evoked metabolic activity in acetylcholine-depleted barrel cortex Somatosens Motor Res 16 151–162 Occurrence Handle10.1080/08990229970582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. SL Minger P Davies (1992) ArticleTitlePersistent innervation of the rat neocortex by basal forebrain cholinergic neurons despite the massive reduction of cortical target neurons. II. Neurochemical analysis Exp Neurol 117 139–150 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-4886(92)90122-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. H Gutierrez MI Miranda F Bermudez-Rattoni (1997) ArticleTitleLearning impairment and cholinergic deafferentation after cortical nerve growth factor deprivation J Neurosci 17 3796–3803

    Google Scholar 

  79. KS Chen MC Nishimura MP Armanini C Crowley SD Spencer HS Phillips (1997) ArticleTitleDisruption of a single allele of the nerve growth factor gene results in atrophy of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and memory deficits J Neurosci 17 7288–7296

    Google Scholar 

  80. M Knipper LS Leung D Zhao RJ Rylett (1994) ArticleTitleShort-term modulation of glutamatergic synapses in adult rat hippocampus by NGF NeuroReport 5 2433–2436

    Google Scholar 

  81. DM Holtzman J Kilbridge Y Li et al. (1995) ArticleTitleTrkA expression in the CNS: Evidence for the existence of several novel NGF-responsive CNS neurons J Neurosci 15 1567–1576

    Google Scholar 

  82. FM Rossi R Sala L Maffei (2002) ArticleTitleExpression of the nerve growth factor receptors TrkA and p75NTR in the visual cortex of the rat: Development and regulation by the cholinergic input J Neurosci 22 912–919

    Google Scholar 

  83. R Sala A Viegi FM Rossi et al. (1998) ArticleTitleNerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor increase neurotransmitter release in the rat visual cortex Eur J Neurosci 10 2185–2191 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00227.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. L Olson A Nordberg H von Holst et al. (1992) ArticleTitleNerve growth factor affects 11C-nicotine binding, blood flow, EEG, and verbal episodic memory in an Alzheimer patient (case report) J Neural Transm, Parkinson’s Dis Dement Sect 4 79–95

    Google Scholar 

  85. SJ French T Humby CH Horner MV Sofroniew M Rattray (1999) ArticleTitleHippocampal neurotrophin and trk receptor mRNA levels are altered by local administration of nicotine, carbachol and pilocarpine Brain Res Mol Brain Res 67 124–136 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00048-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. M Rattray (2001) ArticleTitleIs there nicotinic modulation of nerve growth factor? Implications for cholinergic therapies in Alzheimer’s disease Biol Psychiatry 49 185–193 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0006-3223(00)01047-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. RB Levy C Aoki (2002) ArticleTitleAlpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors occur at postsynaptic densities of AMPA receptor-positive and -negative excitatory synapses in rat sensory cortex J Neurosci 22 5001–5015

    Google Scholar 

  88. G Hess JP Donoghue (1999) ArticleTitleFacilitation of long-term potentiation in layer II/III horizontal connections of rat motor cortex following layer I stimulation: Route of effect and cholinergic contributions Exp Brain Res 127 279–290 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002210050797

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. AF Pitts MW Miller (2000) ArticleTitleExpression of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3 in the somatosensory cortex of the mature rat: Coexpression with high-affinity neurotrophin receptors J Comp Neurol 418 241–254 Occurrence Handle10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(20000313)418:3<241::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-M

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. R Nieuwenhuys (1994) ArticleTitleThe neocortex. An overview of its evolutionary development, structural organization and synaptology Anat Embryol 190 307–337 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00187291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. J Lubke V Egger B Sakmann D Feldmeyer (2000) ArticleTitleColumnar organization of dendrites and axons of single and synaptically coupled excitatory spiny neurons in layer four of the rat barrel cortex J Neurosci 20 5300–5311

    Google Scholar 

  92. SM Lu RC Lin (1993) ArticleTitleThalamic afferents of the rat barrel cortex: A light- and electron- microscopic study using Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin as an anterograde tracer Somatosens Mot Res 10 1–16

    Google Scholar 

  93. JP Rauschecker (1997) ArticleTitleMechanisms of compensatory plasticity in the cerebral cortex Adv Neurol 73 137–146

    Google Scholar 

  94. H Neville D Bavelier (2002) ArticleTitleHuman brain plasticity: Evidence from sensory deprivation and altered language experience Prog Brain Res 138 177–188

    Google Scholar 

  95. DV Buonomano MM Merzenich (1998) ArticleTitleCortical plasticity: From synapses to maps Annu Rev Neurosci 21 149–186 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.neuro.21.1.149 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhsFyitbk%3D Occurrence Handle9530495

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. CD Gilbert M Sigman RE Crist (2001) ArticleTitleThe neural basis of perceptual learning Neuron 31 681–697 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00424-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. RL Papke M Bencherif P Lippiello (1996) ArticleTitleAn evaluation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation by quaternary nitrogen compounds indicates that choline is selective for the [alpha]7 subtype Neurosci Lett 213 201–204

    Google Scholar 

  98. R Seddik A Bradaia J Trouslard (2003) ArticleTitleCholine induces Ca+2 entry in cultured sympathetic neurones isolated from rat superior cervical ganglion Eur J Pharmacol 471 165–176 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01860-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. AC Cuello (1996) ArticleTitleEffects of trophic factors on the CNS cholinergic phenotype Prog Brain Res 109 347–358

    Google Scholar 

  100. T Debeir HU Saragovi AC Cuello (1999) ArticleTitleA nerve growth factor mimetic TrkA antagonist causes withdrawal of cortical cholinergic boutons in the adult rat Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 4067–4072 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.96.7.4067

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Drs. Susana Cohen-Cory and Silke Penschuck for contributions to the previously published experiments and discussions, and Peggy Firth and Dr. Sharan Manhas for helpful critique of the figure. Funding: NINDS NS-34519, NS-39760, and NS-43165 to RDF.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6975, USA

    Neal Prakash MD, PhD

  2. Departments of Neurobiology and Behavior, Biomedical Engineering, and the Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-4550, USA

    Ron D. Frostig PhD

Authors
  1. Neal Prakash MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ron D. Frostig PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ron D. Frostig PhD.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Prakash, N., Frostig, R.D. What Has Intrinsic Signal Optical Imaging Taught Us About NGF-Induced Rapid Plasticity in Adult Cortex and Its Relationship to the Cholinergic System?. Mol Imaging Biol 7, 14–21 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-005-0956-5

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-005-0956-5

Key words

Search

Navigation