Abstract
Here we report a metabolomics discovery study conducted on blood serum samples of patients in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Metabolites were monitored on a quality controlled holistic platform combining reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in both negative and positive ionization mode and gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry. A substantial portion of the serum metabolome was thereby covered. Eighty-five metabolites were shown to evolve with CKD progression of which 43 metabolites were a confirmation of earlier reported uremic retention solutes and/or uremic toxins. Thirty-one unique metabolites were revealed which were increasing significantly throughout CKD progression, by a factor surpassing the level observed for creatinine, the currently used biomarker for kidney function. Additionally, 11 unique metabolites showed a decreasing trend.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge Steve Fischer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA), Gordon Ross (Agilent Technologies, Cheadle, UK) and Kai Chen (Ghent University, Belgium) for their valuable input. This research was funded by the Flemish Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT, Flanders). JB was supported by an IWT study grant.
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J. Boelaert and R. t’Kindt have contributed equally to this study.
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Boelaert, J., t’Kindt, R., Schepers, E. et al. State-of-the-art non-targeted metabolomics in the study of chronic kidney disease. Metabolomics 10, 425–442 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-013-0592-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-013-0592-z