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Overexpression of CYCD1;2 in activation-tagged Populus tremula x Populus alba results in decreased cell size and altered leaf morphology

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Abstract

This paper includes the characterization of an activation-tagged mutant named rippled leaf that displays distinctive rippled-leaf morphology. Gene expression and microscopic analysis were done to characterize the rippled leaf mutant, and transgenic overexpression lines were generated and characterized using these methods. The rippled leaf mutant was found to have an activated CYCLIN D1 (CYCD1;2), and overexpression of the gene using the 35S CaMV promoter resulted in plants with a highly similar leaf morphology. Microscopic analysis of the midvein of the rippled leaf mutant revealed that the mutant possessed significantly smaller and more numerous cortical parenchyma cells in its midvein compared with wild type. As well, in rippled leaf, the vascular tissue represented a larger proportion of the midvein. In transgenic lines, there was a similar change in cortical cell size, and an even larger proportion of the midvein was vascular tissue. In conclusion, a mutant with a leaf alteration phenotype was characterized. The CYCD1;2 gene was found to be responsible for this phenotype, and the phenotype was recapitulated using overexpression of transgenic lines. Further studies with mutants such as rippled leaf are necessary for a better understanding of cell division and its relationship to plant growth and development.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Laurie Yeates, the manager of the CFS greenhouse, and Terry Hay, Peter Tucker, and Kevin Mann for their advice and care of the mutants. We also thank Ying Chen for technical assistance in creation of the transgenic lines, Dr. Hans-Cees Speel for his willingness to share the photograph of corkscrew willow from bomengids.nl, Dr. Steven Strauss for permission to use a photo taken at his field trial of the activation-tagged lines in Corvallis, Oregon, Liz Clarke for her help in preparing the pictures for the figures and Caroline Simpson for editing the manuscript. This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (SR) and Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Service A-base funds (TB). The activation-tagged lines were created with Genome Canada funding to SR.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Data archiving statement

PtaCYCD1;2 cDNA sequence has been submitted to GenBank (accession number KP902591).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service – Atlantic Forestry Centre, P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5P7, Canada

    Martin Williams & Tannis Beardmore

  2. Department of Biology, Queens University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada

    Lisa Lowndes & Sharon Regan

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  1. Martin Williams
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  2. Lisa Lowndes
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  4. Tannis Beardmore
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Correspondence to Martin Williams.

Additional information

Communicated by A. Brunner

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Gene Expression

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Williams, M., Lowndes, L., Regan, S. et al. Overexpression of CYCD1;2 in activation-tagged Populus tremula x Populus alba results in decreased cell size and altered leaf morphology. Tree Genetics & Genomes 11, 66 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-015-0895-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-015-0895-5

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