Abstract
Node localization is one of the essential services where sensor nodes in the wireless sensor network collaborate to provide location information of sensor nodes within the network. This service is required in various applications such as fire surveillance, intrusion detection and target detection, where sensor nodes are deployed within inaccessible areas. In last two decades, a large number of localization algorithms, based on popular algorithm DV-Hop approach have been proposed. This paper performs a detail survey of the different variants of DV-Hop based algorithms and presents up-to-date comparative study of all existing variants in terms of accuracy, localization error, optimal number of anchors used, and communication overhead. In addition, this paper presents a brief working process of the different variants of DV-Hop based node localization algorithms and compares them on basis of their working process and performance. Finally, some open research issues are discussed for future course of work.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of Data and Material
NA.
Code Availability
NA.
References
Kaur, A., Kumar, P., & Gupta, G. P. (2019). A new localization using single mobile anchor and mesh-based path planning models. Wireless Networks, 25(5), 2919–2929.
Jain, S., Singh, A., Kaur, A., & Jain, S. (2017). Improved APIT localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks. In 4th IEEE international conference on signal processing, computing and control, ISPCC 2017 (vol. 2017-Janua, pp. 77–81).
Liu, H., Nayak, A., & Stojmenovic, I. (2010). Applications, models, problems, and solution strategies. In Wireless sensor and actuator network (pp. 1–32). Wiley.
Vidyasagar, P., Sharif, A., & Chang E. (2009). Wireless sensor networks: A survey. In Proceedings—international conference on advanced information networking and applications, AINA (pp. 636–641).
Kaur, A., Gupta, G. P., & Kumar, P. (2017). A survey of recent developments in DV-hop localization techniques for wireless sensor network. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 9(2), 61–71.
Chaudhary, A., Peddoju, S. K., & Kadarla, K. (2017). Study of internet-of-things messaging protocols used for exchanging data with external sources. In 14th IEEE international conference on mobile ad hoc and sensor systems, MASS 2017 (pp. 666–671).
Rawat, P., Singh, K. D., Chaouchi, H., & Bonnin, J. M. (2014). Wireless sensor network: Recent developments and potential synergies. The Journal of Supercomputing, 68(1), 1–48.
AbdelSalam, H. S., & Olariu, S. (2009). HexNet: Hexagon-based localization technique for wireless sensor networks. In 7th annual IEEE international conference on pervasive computing and communications, PerCom 2009 (pp. 0–5).
Kaur, A., Kumar, P., & Gupta, G. P. (2019). Sensor nodes localization for 3D wireless sensor networks using Gauss–Newton method. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 669, 187–198.
Kunz, T., & Tatham, B. (2012). Localization in wireless sensor networks and anchor placement. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 1(1), 36–58.
Ahmad, T., Li, X. J., & Seet, B. C. (2016). 3D localization based on parametric loop division and subdivision surfaces for wireless sensor networks. In WOCC 2016—25th wireless and optical communication conference, jointly held with photonics forum of Chiao-Tung universities.
Kumar, A., & Chaudhary, S. (2015). Improved range localization in wireless sensor networks: A survey. International Journal, 5(5), 1199–1208.
Bachrach, J., & Taylor, C. (2005). Localization in sensor networks. In Handbook of sensor networks: Algorithms and architectures (pp. 277–310).
Wang, L., & Xu, Q. (2010). GPS-free localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 10(6), 5899–5926.
Niewiadomska-Szynkiewicz, E. (2012). Localization in wireless sensor networks: Classification and evaluation of techniques. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, 22(2), 281–297.
Pal, A. (2010). Localization algorithms in wireless sensor networks: Current approaches and future challenges. Network Protocols and Algorithms, 2(1), 45–73.
Selmic, R. R., Phoha, V. V., & Serwadda, A. (2016). WSN platforms. In Wireless sensor networks (pp. 97–2115). Springer International Publishing.
Kaur, A., Kumar, P., & Gupta, G. P. (2018). Nature inspired algorithm-based improved variants of DV-hop algorithm for randomly deployed 2D and 3D wireless sensor networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 101(1), 567–582.
Boukerche, A., Oliveira, H. A., Nakamura, E. F., & Loureiro, A. (2007). Localization systems for WSNs. IEEE Wireless Communications, 14(6), 6–12.
Farooq-i-Azam, M., & Ayyaz, M. N. (2016). Location and position estimation in wireless sensor networks. In Wireless sensor networks: Current status and future trends (pp. 179–214).
Mesmoudi, A., Feham, M., & Labraoui, N. (2013). Wireless sensor networks localization algorithms: A comprehensive survey. International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications, 5(6), 45–64.
Coluccia, A., & Fascista, A. (2019). Hybrid TOA/RSS range-based localization with self-calibration in asynchronous wireless networks. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 8(2), 31.
Kumar, P., Reddy, L., & Varma, S. (2009). Distance measurement and error estimation scheme for RSSI based localization in wireless sensor networks. In 5th IEEE conference on wireless communication and sensor networks (pp. 1–4).
Cheng, X., Thaeler, A., Xue, G., & Chen, D. (2004). TPS: A time-based positioning scheme for outdoor wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies (INFOCOM ’04) (pp. 2685–2696).
Niculescu, D., & Nath, B. (2003). Ad hoc positioning system (APS) using AOA. In Twenty-second annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies (vol. 3, pp. 1734–1743).
Kaur, A., Kumar, P., & Gupta, G. P. (2018). Impact of non-linear numerical methods on localization algorithm. In 2017 10th international conference on contemporary computing, IC3 2017 (vol. 2018-Janua, no. August, pp. 1–4).
Bulusu, N., Heidemann, J., & Estrin, D. (2000). GPS-less low cost outdoor localization for very small devices. IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, 7(5), 28–34.
Niculescu, D., & Nath, B. (2003). DV based positioning in ad hoc networks. Telecommunication Systems, 22(1–4), 267–280.
Nagpal, R., Shrobe, H., & Bachrach, J. (2003). Organizing a global coordinate system from local information on an ad hoc sensor network. In Information processing in sensor networks (pp. 333–348).
He, T., Huang, C., Blum, B. M., Stankovic, J. A., & Abdelzaher, T. (2003). Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on mobile computing and networking (pp. 81–95).
Han, G., Xu, H., Duong, T. Q., Jiang, J., & Hara, T. (2013). Localization algorithms of wireless sensor networks: A survey. Telecommunication Systems, 52(4), 2419–2436.
Kaur, A., Kumar, P., & Gupta, G. P. (2019). A weighted centroid localization algorithm for randomly deployed wireless sensor networks. Journal of King Saud University—Computer and Information Sciences, 31(1), 82–91.
Alrajeh, N. A., Bashir, M., & Shams, B. (2013). Localization techniques in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 9(6), 304628.
Jian Yin, L. (2019). A new distance vector-hop localization algorithm based on half-measure weighted centroid. Mobile Information Systems, 2019, 1–9.
Navidi, W., Murphy, W. S., & Hereman, W. (1998). Statistical methods in surveying by trilateration. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 27(2), 209–227.
Murphy, W., & Hereman, W. (1995). Determination of a position in three dimensions using trilateration and approximate distances. Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, MCS-95, 7, 19.
Cheikhrouhou, O., Bhatti, G. M., & Alroobaea, R. (2018). A hybrid DV-hop algorithm using RSSI for localization in large-scale wireless sensor networks. Sensors (Switzerland), 18(5), 1–14.
Chen, H., Sezaki, K., Deng, P., & So, H. C. (2008). An improved DV-hop localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of IEEE conference on industrial electronics and applications (ICIEA 2008) (pp. 1557–1561).
Li, J., Zhang, J., & Xiande, L. (2009). A weighted DV-hop localization scheme for wireless sensor networks. In International conference on scalable computing and communications—The 8th international conference on embedded computing, ScalCom-EmbeddedCom 2009 (pp. 269–272).
Zhang, B., Ji, M., & Shan, L. (2012). A weighted centroid localization algorithm based on DV-hop for wireless sensor network. In 2012 international conference on wireless communications, networking and mobile computing, WiCOM 2012.
Yu, W., & Li, H. (2012). An improved DV-hop localization method in wireless sensor networks. In 2012 IEEE international conference on computer science and automation engineering (CSAE) (pp. 199–202).
Zhang, D., Liu, F., Wang, L., & Xing, Y. (2012). DV-hop localization algorithms based on centroid in wireless sensor networks. In 2nd IEEE international conference on consumer electronics, communications and networks (CECNet) (pp. 3216–3219).
Safa, H. (2014). A novel localization algorithm for large scale wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 45, 2–46.
Peng, B., & Li, L. (2015). An improved localization algorithm based on genetic algorithm in wireless sensor networks. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 9(2), 249–256.
Gui, L., Val, T., Wei, A., & Dalce, R. (2015). Improvement of range-free localization technology by a novel DV-hop protocol in wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 24, 55–73.
Song, G., & Tam, D. (2015). Two novel DV-hop localization algorithms for randomly deployed wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 11(7), 187670.
Wang, F., Wang, C., Wang, Z., & Zhang, X. Y. (2015). A hybrid algorithm of GA + simplex method in the WSN localization. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 11(7), 731894.
Fang, X. (2015). Improved DV—Hop positioning algorithm based on compensation coefficient. Journal of Software Engineering, 9(3), 650–657.
Tomic, S., & Mezei, I. (2016). Improvements of DV-Hop localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Telecommunication Systems, 61(1), 93–106.
Kumar, S., & Lobiyal, D. K. (2017). Novel DV-hop localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Telecommunication Systems, 64(3), 509–524.
Mass-Sanchez, J., Ruiz-Ibarra, E., Cortez-González, J., Espinoza-Ruiz, A., & Castro, L. A. (2017). Weighted hyperbolic DV-hop positioning node localization algorithm in WSNs. Wireless Personal Communications, 96(4), 5011–5033.
Yi, L., & Chen, M. (2017). An enhanced hybrid 3D localization algorithm based on APIT and DV-hop. International Journal of Online Engineering, 13(9), 69–86.
Xu, Y., Luo, X., Wang, W., & Zhao, W. (2017). Efficient DV-HOP localization for wireless cyber-physical social sensing system: Acorrentropy-based neural network learning scheme. Sensors, 17(1), 135.
Cui, L., Xu, C., Li, G., Ming, Z., Feng, Y., & Lu, N. (2018). A high accurate localization algorithm with DV-hop and differential evolution for wireless sensor network. Applied Soft Computing Journal, 68(March), 39–52.
Chen, T., & Sun, L. (2019). A connectivity weighting DV-hop localization algorithm using modified artificial bee colony optimization. Journal of Sensors, 2019.
Li, T., Yan, W., Ping, L., & Fang, P. (2019). A WSN positioning algorithm based on 3D discrete chaotic mapping. Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2019(1), 126.
Song, L., Zhao, L., & Ye, J. (2019). DV-hop node location algorithm based on GSO in wireless sensor networks. Journal of Sensors, 2019, 1–9.
Shi, Q., Xu, Q., & Zhang, J. (2019). An improved DV-hop scheme based on path matching and particle swarm optimization algorithm. Wireless Personal Communications, 104(4), 1301–1320.
Liu, G., Qian, Z., & Wang, X. (2019). An improved DV-hop localization algorithm based on hop distances correction. China Communications, 16(June), 200–214.
Cai, X., Wang, P., Cui, Z., Zhang, W., & Chen, J. (2020). Weight convergence analysis of DV-hop localization algorithm with GA. Soft Computing, 24(23), 18249–18258.
Kanwar, V., & Kumar, A. (2021). DV-hop-based range-free localization algorithm for wireless sensor network using runner-root optimization. Journal of Supercomputing, 77(3), 3044–3061.
Kanwar, V., & Kumar, A. (2021). DV-hop localization methods for displaced sensor nodes in wireless sensor network using PSO. Wireless Networks, 27(1), 91–102.
Messous, S., Liouane, H., & Liouane, N. (2020). Improvement of DV-hop localization algorithm for randomly deployed wireless sensor networks. Telecommunication Systems, 73(1), 75–86.
Messous, S., & Liouane, H. (2020). Online sequential DV-hop localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Mobile Information Systems, 2020, 1–14.
Ghafour, M. G. A. E., Kamel, S. H., & Abouelseoud, Y. (2021). Improved DV-hop based on Squirrel search algorithm for localization in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 27(4), 2743–2759.
Messous, S., Liouane, H., Cheikhrouhou, O., & Hamam, H. (2021). Improved recursive DV-hop localization algorithm with RSSI measurement for wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 21(12), 4152.
Funding
No.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kaur, A., Gupta, G.P. & Mittal, S. Comparative Study of the Different Variants of the DV-Hop Based Node Localization Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 123, 1625–1667 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-09206-4
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-09206-4