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Enhance Energy Conservation Based on Residual Energy and Distance for WSNs

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Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have greatly facilitated life by reducing people’s efforts in different areas such as smart irrigation systems, environmental monitoring, military, medical monitoring, home security, etc. WSNs suffer from energy restriction and the difficulty of recharge or replacement sensors batteries in remote areas. So the energy consumption is one of the most significant issues in WSNs that needs to be addressed. The role of routing protocols to select the best path to transmit data has an obvious effect on saving energy. This paper proposed an enhance energy conservation based on residual energy and distance (EECRED) routing protocol which is an improvement on the LEACH protocol. The main objective of the EECRED proposed protocol is to reduce energy dissipated, reduce the process of exchanging control packets between cluster members and cluster head, delay the death of nodes that acts as routers, load balancing between nodes in the network, and prolong the network lifetime. The base idea of the EECRED is to elect the proper node as cluster head based on nodes’ residual energy and take the distance into account when selecting the path of a packet through using the multi-hop technique. The performance of EECRED protocol specified through compares the simulation results with LEACH, LEACH-C, PC-LEACH, and EMRCR protocols in terms of a number of alive nodes, energy consumption, and the network lifetime. The results show that the improvement rate of the EECRED proposed protocol is 50%, 39.76%, 50%, and 83.64% compared with LEACH, LEACH-C, PC-LEACH, and EMRCR protocols respectively in terms of the number of nodes stay alive. Consequently, EECRED added significant enhancement to WSNs in terms of minimizing energy consumption, load balancing between network nodes, and maximizing the network lifetime.

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  1. Computer Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq

    Salah Abdulghani Alabady & Sukaina Shukur Alhajji

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  1. Salah Abdulghani Alabady
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Correspondence to Salah Abdulghani Alabady.

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Alabady, S.A., Alhajji, S.S. Enhance Energy Conservation Based on Residual Energy and Distance for WSNs. Wireless Pers Commun 121, 3343–3364 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08880-8

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