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DLSA: Delay and Link Stability Aware Routing Protocol for Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs)

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Abstract

Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) is a new class of Mobile Ad-hoc Network in which the nodes move in three-dimensional (3-D) ways in the air simultaneously. These nodes are known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that are operated live remotely or by the pre-defined mechanism which involves no human personnel. Due to the high mobility of nodes and dynamic topology, link stability is a research challenge in FANET. From this viewpoint, recent research has focused on link stability with the highest threshold value by maximizing Packet Delivery Ratio and minimizing End-to-End Delay. In this paper, a hybrid scheme named Delay and Link Stability Aware (DLSA) routing scheme has been proposed with the contrast of Distributed Priority Tree-based Routing and Link Stability Estimation-based Routing FANET’s existing routing schemes. Unlike existing schemes, the proposed scheme possesses the features of collaborative data forwarding and link stability. The simulation results have shown the improved performance of the proposed DLSA routing protocol in contrast to the selected existing ones DPTR and LEPR in terms of E2ED, PDR, Network Lifetime, and Transmission Loss. The Average E2ED in milliseconds of DLSA was measured 0.457 while DPTR was 1.492 and LEPR was 1.006. Similarly, the Average PDR in %age of DLSA measured 3.106 while DPTR was 2.303 and LEPR was 0.682. The average Network Lifetime of DLSA measured 62.141 while DPTR was 23.026 and LEPR was 27.298. At finally, the Average Transmission Loss in dBm of DLSA measured 0.975 while DPTR was 1.053 and LEPR was 1.227.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province under Grant 2020C01076, and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62072403.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China

    Tariq Hussain

  2. Institute of Computer Sciences & Information Technology, The University of Agricultural, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Tariq Hussain, Farooq Faisal & Iqtidar Ali

  3. Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan

    Irshad Khalil

  4. Department of Computer Science, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan

    Shah Nazir

  5. Department of Accounting and Information Systems, College of Business and Economics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

    Altaf Hussain & Habib Ullah Khan

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  1. Altaf Hussain
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Altaf Hussain and Tariq Hussain contributed equally and are co-first authors. All the authors contributed to this research.

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Correspondence to Tariq Hussain.

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Hussain, A., Hussain, T., Faisal, F. et al. DLSA: Delay and Link Stability Aware Routing Protocol for Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs). Wireless Pers Commun 121, 2609–2634 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08839-9

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