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PSO based power allocation in multiuser hybrid beamforming mmWave NOMA

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Abstract

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is one of the blooming technologies in 5G and beyond wireless networks to support a massive number of users with a huge data rate. In this work, we investigate a multiuser hybrid beamforming millimeter wave (mmWave) downlink NOMA system. Wideband mmWave line of sight (LOS) channel and non-line of sight (NLOS) channels are considered in this study. The first step of the multiuser power allocation problem is user clustering, where users are clustered based on their channel correlation and difference. Subsequently, low complex analog beamforming design and zero forcing digital beamforming design are employed. Finally, we formulate users’ power allocation problem with the objectives of spectral efficiency maximization / energy efficiency maximization based on the constraints of users’ quality of service requirements (QoS) and total available power. Existing research solves the non-convex problem by assuming equal power to all the clusters. Then the problem is decomposed into sub-problems and independently solved for each cluster, which increases the complexity. But, we propose a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based single step low complex algorithm, which achieves a faster convergence rate and grants consistent results. Moreover, the simulation results show that our proposed approach outperforms existing sub-optimal method and the conventional zero forcing time division multiple access scheme (ZF-TDMA).

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Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Notes

  1. Analysis of complexity level of the proposed approach with respect to the benchmark scheme is presented in Sect. 4.4.

  2. Complexity level analysis is presented in section 4.4.

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Funding

The authors did not receive fund from any organization for the submitted work.

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Author notes

  1. T.K. Ramesh and Zhiguo Ding have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560035, India

    S. Sumathi & T. K. Ramesh

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK

    Zhiguo Ding

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Zhiguo Ding

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  1. S. Sumathi
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, investigation and coding were performed by [SS]. Project administration and supervision were done by [TKR] and [ZD]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [SS] and reviewing and editing was done by [TKR] and [ZD]. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to S. Sumathi.

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Sumathi, S., Ramesh, T.K. & Ding, Z. PSO based power allocation in multiuser hybrid beamforming mmWave NOMA. Wireless Netw 29, 2079–2091 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03264-1

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