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Finding an appropriate radio propagation model for rate aware congestion control mechanism in wireless sensor networks

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Abstract

Congestion control techniques are considered to be one of the most imperative ways to overcome various challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Undeniably, congestion has a substantial impact on Quality of Services (QoS) parameters including: packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput and delay. Another reason for poor QoS is decreased signal strength which could be due to reasons like: larger distance, reflection, refraction, and scattering. Therefore, in this paper, the issue of congestion and path loss are resolved using two-step approach. In the first step, a novel rate aware congestion control mechanism is proposed which improves the PDR and throughput by minimizing network delay. The proposed approach communicates using constant bit rate through user datagram protocol to overcome congestion in a more efficient way. Besides this, the proposed mechanism adapts a queue management algorithm that helps in identifying the level of congestion which are further categorized into various levels (Level-1, Level-2 and Level-3) based on the received congestion information. In the second step, RACC is implemented over various propagation models namely: Free space, Shadowing and Two-Ray to find most appropriate model for WSNs. Finally, the validation of the optimum radio propagation model is checked by comparing these models on the basis of parameters: like End-to-End delay, PDR, throughput, MAC overhead, normalized overhead, average remaining energy and packet loss percentage using NS2 (Network Simulator 2) simulator. The results show that for RACC model, two-ray ground experiences least packet loss percentage (5%) in comparison to shadowing and free space radio propagation model. However, it touches 47% when the number of connections is increased to 26, which is still better than the shadowing radio propagation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University, Ferozepur, Punjab, India

    Amit Grover

  2. Department of Applied Sciences and Computer Applications, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

    Harmeet Singh

  3. Department of Computer Science and Applications, IKG Punjab Technical University, Hoshiarpur Campus, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India

    Nipun Chhabra

  4. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Khalsa College of Engineering and Technology, Amritsar, Punjab, India

    Mohit Angurala

  5. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Mehtab Singh

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  1. Amit Grover
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  2. Harmeet Singh
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  3. Nipun Chhabra
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  4. Mohit Angurala
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Correspondence to Mohit Angurala or Mehtab Singh.

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Grover, A., Singh, H., Chhabra, N. et al. Finding an appropriate radio propagation model for rate aware congestion control mechanism in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Netw 28, 3045–3057 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-022-03018-5

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