Abstract
A pipeline transmission is the state-of-the-art approach to transmit large amounts of data over IEEE 802.15.4 multi-hop networks, but the performance of the pipeline transmission can be degraded in unreliable networks. In this paper, we propose an efficient multi-path pipeline transmission (EMP) to support the large data transfer with low latency and high energy efficiency under various network conditions. The proposed EMP adjusts cycle time of the pipeline transmission, which allows nodes to retransmit dropped data packet efficiently. It helps to improve the transmission probability, so EMP can mitigate additional delay and energy consumption caused by frequent end-to-end retransmissions. In addition, EMP employs a multi-path transmission which distributes the large data transfer over multiple routes. It contributes not only to reduce transmission time but also to balance energy consumption of nodes. In this work, we evaluate the performance of EMP through theoretical and simulation-based analysis and compare the performance with other existing pipelines. The results show that EMP outperforms the existing protocols in terms of transmission time and energy efficiency, and then the improved performance of EMP can be maintained regardless of network environments such as link quality, hop counts, and network density.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
In this application, the source node fragments each block into 8 small packets. However, it generates too many packets (about 1600 packets), and thus the SNACK packets should be also fragmented into several IEEE 802.15.4 packets. Thus, in our simulations, we used a series of four packets for each block.
References
Ruzzelli, A. G., Jurdak, R., OHare, G. M., & Stok, P. V. D. (2007). Energy-efficient multi-hop medical sensor networking. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGMOBILE International Workshop on Systems and Networking Support for Healthcare and Assisted Living Environments (HealthNet) (pp. 37–42).
Mehta, A. M. & Pister, K. S. J. (2011). Frequency offset compensation for crystal-free 802.15.4 communication. In Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ACT) (pp. 45–47).
Lee, T., Lee, M., Kim, H., & Bahk, S. (2016). A synergistic architecture for RPL over BLE. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication and Networking (SECON) (pp. 1–9).
Dong, P. (2013). Assessment of link quality in 2.45GHz high-density IEEE 802.15.4 wireless networks. In Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS) (pp. 481–486).
Werner-Allen, G., Lorincz, K., Welsh, M., Marcillo, O., Johnson, J., Ruiz, M., et al. (2006). Deploying a wireless sensor network on an active volcano. IEEE Internet Computing, 10(2), 18–25.
Werner-Allen, G., Lorincz, K., Johnson, J., Lees, J., & Welsh, M. (2006). Fidelity and yield in a volcano monitoring sensor network. In Proceeding of the 7th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI) (pp. 381–396).
Kim, S., Pakzad, S., Culler, D., Demmel, J., Fenves, G., Glaser, S., & Turon, M. (2007). Health monitoring of civil infrastructures using wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN) (pp. 254–263).
Chebrolu, K., Raman, B., & Mishra, N. (2008). BriMon: a sensor network system for railway bridge monitoring. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys) (pp. 2–14).
Rahimi, M., Baer, R., Iroezi, O. I., Garcia, J. C., Warrior, J., Estrin, D., & Srivastava, M. (2005). Cyclops: in situ image sensing and interpretation in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) (pp. 192–204).
Pham, C., & Cousin, P. (2013). Streaming the sound of smart cities: experimentations on the smartsantander test-bed. In Proceedings of the 2013 Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom), and the IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things/Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (iThings/CPSCom) (pp. 611–618).
Aazam, M., Khan, I., Alsaffer, A. A., & Huh, E. (2014). Cloud of things: integrating internet of things and cloud computing and the issues involved. In Proceedings of the 11th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST) (pp. 414–419).
Gabale, V., Chebrolu, K., Raman, B., & Bijwe, S. (2012). PIP: A multichannel. TDMA-based MAC for efficient and scalable bulk transfer in sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 8(4), 1–34.
Doddavenkatappa, M., & Choon, M. (2014). \(\text{P}^{3}\): a practical packet pipeline using synchronous transmissions for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN) (pp. 203–214).
Österlind, F., & Dunkels, A. (2008). Approaching the maximum 802.15.4 multi-hop throughput. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors (HotEmNet).
Kim, S., Fonseca, R., Dutta, P., Tavakoli, P., Culler, D., Levis, P., Shenker, S., & Stoica, I. (2007). Flush: a reliable bulk transport protocol for multihop wireless networks”, In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) (pp. 351–365).
Ekbatanifard, G., Sommer, P., Kusy, B., Iyer, V., & Langendoen, K. (2013). FastForward: high-throughput dual-radio streaming. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS) (pp. 209–213).
Varshney, A., Mottola, L., Carlsson, M., & Voigt, T. (2015). Directional transmissions and receptions for high-throughput bulk forwarding in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) (pp. 351–364).
Duquennosy S., Österlind, F., & Dunkels, A. (2011). Lossy links, low power, high throughput. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys) (pp. 12–25).
Lim, Y., Kim, H., & Kang, S. (2010). A design of wireless sensor networks for a power quality monitoring system. Sensors, 10(11), 9712–9725.
Incel, O. D. (2011). A survey on multi-channel communication in wireless sensor networks. Computer Networks, 55(13), 3081–3099.
Ferrari, F., Zimmerling, M., Thiele, L., & Saukh, O. (2011). Efficient network flooding and time synchronization with glossy. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN) (pp. 73–84).
Yi, J., Adnane, A., David, S., & Parrein, B. (2011). Multipath optimized link state routing for mobile ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 9(1), 28–47.
Radi, M., Dezfouli, B., Bakar, K. A., Razak, S. A., & Nematbakhsh, M. A. (2011). Interference-aware multipath routing protocol for QoS improvement in event-driven wireless sensor networks. Tsinghua Science & Technology, 16(5), 475–490.
Teo, J., Ha, Y., & Tham, C. (2008). Interference-minimized multi-path routing with congestion control in wireless sensor networks for high-rate streaming. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 7(9), 1124–1137.
Tang, L., Wang, K., Huang, Y., & Gu, F. (2007). Channel characterization and link quality assessment of IEEE 802.15.4-compliant radio for factory environments. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 3(2), 99–110.
Chehri, A., & Mouftah, H. (2012). An empirical link-quality analysis for wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC) (pp. 164–169).
Entezami, F., Tunnicliffe, M., & Politis, C. (2014). Find the weakest link: Statistical analysis on wireless sensor network link-quality metrics. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 9(3), 28–38.
CC2520 Datasheet, www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/cc2520.pdf.
Xiangning, F., & Yulin, S. (2007). Improvement on LEACH protocol of wireless sensor network. In Proceedings of International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SensorComm) (pp. 260–264).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. 2017R1A2B4006026).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pyeon, D., Yoon, H. An efficient multi-path pipeline transmission for a bulk data transfer in IEEE 802.15.4 multi-hop networks. Wireless Netw 25, 117–130 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1542-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1542-x