Abstract
Phomopsis canker is one of the major devastating stem diseases that occur in tea plants caused by the fungal pathogen Phomopsis theae. Rapid development of this disease leads to a capital loss in the tea industry which demands an ecofriendly disease management strategy to control this aggressive pathogen. A total of 245 isolates were recovered from the tea rhizosphere and screened for in vitro plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and antagonism against P. theae. Among them, twelve isolates exhibited multifarious PGP traits including phytohormones, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, salicylic acid production, phosphate solubilization, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, and antifungal activity. In vitro studies on morphological, biochemical, and phylogenetic analyses classified the selected isolates as Pseudomonas fluorescens (VPF5), Bacillus subtilis (VBS3), Streptomyces griseus (VSG4) and Trichoderma viride (VTV7). Specifically, P. fluorescens VPF5 and B. subtilis VBS3 strains showed the highest level of PGP activities. On the other hand, VBS3 and VTV7 strains showed higher biocontrol efficacy in inhibiting mycelia growth and spore germination of P. theae. A detailed investigation on hydrolytic enzymes produced by antagonistic strains, which degrade the fungus cell wall, revealed that highest amount of chitinase and β-1,3- glucanase in VTV7 and VBS3 strains. Further, the key antifungal secondary metabolites from these biocontrol agents associated with suppression of P. theae were identified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The above study clearly recognized the specific traits in the isolated microbes, which make them good candidates as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and biocontrol agents to improve plant growth and health. However, greenhouse trials and field application of these beneficial microbes is required to further confirm their efficacy for the management of stem canker in tea cultivation.
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Data Availability
The data analysed during this study are included in this article /Supplementary material, further the datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India for financial support to carry out this study. The authors are also thankful to the management of the Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore for providing the necessary facilities to carry out this work.
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This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), [grant number: DST/DISHA/SoRF-PM/049/2013(G)], Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India. Author MK has received the research support from DST.
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PP and AKAM conceived, planned, and designed the experiment, involved in data analysis and interpretation. MK did sample collection, performed lab experiments, assembled and interpreted data analysis and drafted manuscript. MGB was involved in data evaluation of statistical analysis and discussed the manuscript write-up. AKAM supervised the study, mobilized the consumable for the study, edited, commented and critically revised the final manuscript. PP co-supervised the study, provided suggestions during manuscript preparation. MK wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Kolandasamy, M., Mandal, A.K.A., Balasubramanian, M.G. et al. Multifaceted plant growth-promoting traits of indigenous rhizospheric microbes against Phomopsis theae, a causal agent of stem canker in tea plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 39, 237 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03688-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03688-z