Abstract
Microbial shikimic acid is an important intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids which are precursors for forming humus during composting process. Generally, the pathways producing shikimic acid and its downstream products are collectively referred as shikimic acid pathway (SKP). Microbial SKP can produce phenols, and tyrosine. Pyrogallol is the precursor of phenols. And, tyrosine can form an ammoniated monomer. Therefore, regulation of SKP can promote shikimic acid production, which is beneficial in promoting humus production and humification. However, SKP present in microbial cells is distinctive because of providing precursors for humification process, which needs to be recognized during composting. Due to the different structures of various organic wastes, it is difficult to control the SKP efficiency and shikimic acid production. Therefore, it is valuable to review the synthesis of shikimic acid by microorganisms and propose how to promote SKP during different materials composting. Furthermore, we have attempted to illustrate the application of metabolites from SKP in forming humus during organic waste composting. Finally, a series of regulating methods has been outlined to enhance microbial SKP, which are effective to promote humus aromatization and to improve humus formation during different materials composting.
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Acknowledgements
This work is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51878132), National Key Research and Development Project (No. 2019YFC1906403), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51978131, No. 51778116).
Funding
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers 51878132, 51978131 and 51778116), National Key Research and Development Project (Grant numbers 2019YFC1906403).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Zimin Wei is the principal person to complete the manuscript. Yue Zhao put forward many constructive suggestions for the article and gave us a lot of help. Li Zhao and Liqin Wang contributed much for collecting material. Junqiu Wu and Yue Zhao make a great contribution to the logic and the future perspective of the article.
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Wei, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhao, L. et al. The contribution of microbial shikimic acid to humus formation during organic wastes composting: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 39, 240 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03674-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03674-5