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Metabolomic profiling of bacterial biofilm: trends, challenges, and an emerging antibiofilm target

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Abstract

Biofilm-related infections substantially contribute to bacterial illnesses, with estimates indicating that at least 80% of such diseases are linked to biofilms. Biofilms exhibit unique metabolic patterns that set them apart from their planktonic counterparts, resulting in significant metabolic reprogramming during biofilm formation. Differential glycolytic enzymes suggest that central metabolic processes are markedly different in biofilms and planktonic cells. The glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is highly expressed in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm progenitors, indicating that changes in glycolysis activity play a role in biofilm development. Notably, an important consideration is a correlation between elevated cyclic di-guanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) activity and biofilm formation in various bacteria. C-di-GMP plays a critical role in maintaining the persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by regulating alginate production, a significant biofilm matrix component. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that S. aureus biofilm development is initiated by several tricarboxylic acid (TCA) intermediates in a FnbA-dependent manner. Finally, Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6P) boosts the phosphorylation of histidine-containing protein (HPr) by increasing the activity of HPr kinase, enhancing its interaction with CcpA, and resulting in biofilm development through polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) accumulation and icaADBC transcription. Therefore, studying the metabolic changes associated with biofilm development is crucial for understanding the complex mechanisms involved in biofilm formation and identifying potential targets for intervention. Accordingly, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in metabolomic profiling of biofilms, including emerging trends, prevailing challenges, and the identification of potential targets for anti-biofilm strategies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences and Biological Sciences, IES University, Bhopal, India

    Jitendra Malviya

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq

    Ameer A. Alameri

  3. Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Ramadi, Iraq

    Saif S. Al-Janabi

  4. Al-Farahidi University, College of Dentistry, Baghdad, Iraq

    Omar Faridh Fawzi

  5. College of Dentistry, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Ahmed L. Azzawi

  6. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq

    Rasha Fadhel Obaid

  7. College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq

    Ali A Alsudani

  8. Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq

    Ameer S. Alkhayyat

  9. Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, U. P., India

    Jitendra Gupta

  10. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq

    Yasser Fakri Mustafa

  11. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sajad Karampoor

  12. Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    Rasoul Mirzaei

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JM, AAA, SSA-J, OFF, ALA, RFO, AAA, ASA, JG, YFM wrote the draft and collected the documentation materials. SK, and RM participated in revising the draft. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sajad Karampoor or Rasoul Mirzaei.

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Malviya, J., Alameri, A.A., Al-Janabi, S.S. et al. Metabolomic profiling of bacterial biofilm: trends, challenges, and an emerging antibiofilm target. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 39, 212 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03651-y

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