Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have been increasing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) release, promoting an urgent need for decontamination methods. Therefore, anthracene biodegradation by endophytic, extremophilic, and entomophilic fungi was studied. Moreover, a salting-out extraction methodology with the renewable solvent ethanol and the innocuous salt K2HPO4 was employed. Nine of the ten employed strains biodegraded anthracene in liquid medium (19–56% biodegradation) after 14 days at 30 °C, 130 rpm, and 100 mg L−1. The most efficient strain Didymellaceae sp. LaBioMMi 155, an entomophilic strain, was employed for optimized biodegradation, aiming at a better understanding of how factors like pollutant initial concentration, pH, and temperature affected this process. Biodegradation reached 90 ± 11% at 22 °C, pH 9.0, and 50 mg L−1. Futhermore, 8 different PAHs were biodegraded and metabolites were identified. Then, experiments with anthracene in soil ex situ were performed and bioaugmentation with Didymellaceae sp. LaBioMMi 155 presented better results than natural attenuation by the native microbiome and biostimulation by the addition of liquid nutrient medium into soil. Therefore, an expanded knowledge about PAHs biodegradation processes was achieved with emphasis to the action of Didymellaceae sp. LaBioMMi 155, which can be further employed for in situ biodegradation (after strain security test), or for enzyme identification and isolation aiming at oxygenases with optimal activity under alkaline conditions.
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Funding
Erika Bonatti and PhD Willian G. Birolli are grateful to São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for her undergraduate research scholarship (2019/03677-8) and his post-doctoral scholarship (2017/19721-0), respectively. Alef dos Santos is grateful to Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel for his doctorate’s scholarship (88887.598052/2021-00). Prof. Edson Rodrigues-Filho show appreciation to FAPESP (2016/09690-8) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, 304867/2017-9) for research funding. Moreover, we are grateful to PhD Rodrigo Facchini Magnani for the support in the GC–MS analyses.
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EB: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—Review & Editing. AdS: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—Review & Editing. PhD WGB: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Project administration. Prof. ER-F: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Writing—review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
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Bonatti, E., dos Santos, A., Birolli, W.G. et al. Endophytic, extremophilic and entomophilic fungi strains biodegrade anthracene showing potential for bioremediation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 39, 152 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03590-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03590-8