Abstract
Lipopeptides are important secondary metabolites produced by microbes. They find applications in environmental decontamination and in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries. However, their production is expensive. In the present work we propose three strategies to lower the production costs of surfactin. First, the coproduction of surfactin and arginase in a single growth. Second, extract the fraction of surfactin that adsorbs to the biomass and is removed from the growth medium through centrifugation. Third, use microbial biomass for the remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants. The coproduction of surfactin and arginase was evaluated by factorial design experiments using the LB medium supplemented with arginine. The best conditions for surfactin production were 22 h of growth at 37 °C using LB supplemented with arginine 7.3 g/L. Almost similar conditions were found to produce highest levels of arginase, 24 h and 6.45 g/L arginine. Decontamination of phenol and copper from artificial samples was attained by treatment with residues from lipopeptide production. Thus, cell suspensions and wash-waters used to extract surfactin from the biomass. Cell suspensions were used to successfully remove hydroquinone. Cell suspensions and wash-waters containing surfactin were successfully used to recover copper from solution. Specific monitoring methods were used for phenol and metal solutions, respectively a biosensor based on tyrosinase and either atomic absorption flame ionization spectrometry or absorbance coupled to the Arduino™ platform. Therefore, we report three alternative strategies to lower the production costs in lipopeptide production, which include the effective recovery of copper and phenol from contaminated waters using residues from surfactin production.
Graphic abstract
Sustainable and profitable production of surfactin can be achieved by a coproduction strategy of lipopeptides and enzymes. Lipopeptides are collected in the supernatant and enzymes in the biomass. In addition, lipopeptides that coprecipitate with biomass can be recovered by washing. Lipopeptide wash-waters find applications in remediation and cells can also be used for environmental decontamination.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Mr. Mário Henrique Moreno Mr. Ricardo Gimenez for technical assistance. This research received support from Fapesp (13/20570-6 and 17/1330-0). In addition, the work was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.– scholarship PNPD (Gomes, W.E.). GCT and LHDC were the recipients of scholarships from CNPq (PIBIT-CNPq). TCS was the recipient of a scholarship for postgraduate students from PUC-Campinas. TGB and BPL also received scholarships from PUC-Campinas (Fapic-Reitoria).
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de Carvalho Silveira, T., Gomes, W.E., Tonon, G.C. et al. Residual biomass from surfactin production is a source of arginase and adsorbed surfactin that is useful for environmental remediation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 37, 123 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03094-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-021-03094-3