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Process Modeling of Methylene Blue Dye Adsorptive Removal by Physio-chemically Treated Cicer arietinum Husk for Effective Wastewater Treatment by Green Chemistry

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Abstract

Many reports of detrimental organic dyes in industrial sewages incited the researchers to accomplish some quick, cost-effective, and precise ways for dye eradication. Continuing this research chain, the latest study aimed to exclusively eliminate methylene blue dye (MB) from industrial wastewater using black C. arietinum husk powder as a cost-effective adsorbent through adsorption techniques. Morphological characterization was examined by FTIR and SEM/EDX. The influence of parameters that demonstrated maximum percentage removal such as adsorbent dose (91.325% at 0.4 g), contact time (90.466% at 60 min), pH impact (93.90% at 5), temperature (60.896% at 20 °C), and agitation speed (87.03% at 125 rpm) were studied. Adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) favored Langmuir and represented the finest isotherm data association with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 2.678 mg/g. Kinetic studies confirmed the pseudo-second-order model and vindicated the data. The thermodynamic study extended the facts about the exothermic, impulsive, and feasible adsorption nature (ΔH° =  − 20.329 kJ/mol, ΔS° = 0.04305 kJ/mol, and ΔG° =  − 33.37 kJ/mol at 303 K, − 33.80 kJ/mol at 313 K, − 34.23 kJ/mol at 323 K). Mechanistically, different types of interactions occurred between the adsorbate and adsorbent. MB dye desorption and adsorbent restoration affirm its efficiency. These results indicated that Cicer arietinum husk powder could be used for MB dye eradication from industrial water.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2024R222), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for the financial support.

Funding

The authors are thankful to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2024R222), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for the financial support. 

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    Maryam Ashraf & Rabia Rehman

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Rafe Hatshan

  3. Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University–Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea

    Chinna Bathula

  4. Centre for Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    Amara Dar

  5. Institute of Geology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    Mehwish Akram

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  1. Maryam Ashraf
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Contributions

Maryam Ashraf: lab work, writing initial draft and data analysis.

Rabia Rehman: conceptualization, supervisor, monitoring and statistical analysis.

Mohammad Rafe Hatshan: writing – review & editing. 

Chinna Bathula: characterizational studies of adsorbent.

Amara Dar: data curation and description.

Mehwish Akram: statistical analysis and data curation.

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Correspondence to Rabia Rehman.

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Ashraf, M., Rehman, R., Hatshan, M.R. et al. Process Modeling of Methylene Blue Dye Adsorptive Removal by Physio-chemically Treated Cicer arietinum Husk for Effective Wastewater Treatment by Green Chemistry. Water Air Soil Pollut 235, 267 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07052-1

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