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Investigation on the Source of Soil Salinity in Agricultural Land Adjacent to Chamo Lake, Ethiopia

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Abstract

The soil salinization causing land degradation and decline in soil fertility is becoming a potential problem in some regions of Ethiopia. Finding source of salinization could help devise appropriate measures for solving the problem. The present study was taken up to investigate the source of salinity in an area (1229 ha) lying between the Sile and Elgo rivers near Chamo Lake. The area has remained uncultivated since 2012 and is showing signs of salinity in the form of white deposit on the soil surface. Surface water, groundwater, and soil samples were obtained based on the research area’s proximity to potential influencing sources of salinity and fertility decline during the dry and wet seasons. Groundwater samples were taken from seven piezometric stations and eight hand-dug wells while surface water samples were taken from two river sites and four wetland points. The soil samples were taken from four locations. The laboratory results of the groundwater samples in piper diagrams revealed a salt dominance of Ca+2, Mg+2, and Na+ with SO4−2 and Cl−. According to the Arc GIS 10.4.1 flow direction analysis tool, the flow direction of the regional water table towards the lake was northwest to south and southeast. The correlation analysis in Python revealed that Na+ and K+, as well as SO4−2 and Cl−, were the most common salt types. Gibbs’ theories typically highlighted continuous rock weathering as a significant source of salts in the soils.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Faculty of Water Supply & Environmental Engineering, AWTI, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia, for providing laboratory and instruments support to conduct this research work successfully.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Water Supply & Environmental Engineering, AWTI, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

    Abeanezer Lukas Bassa, Tilahun Kasa & Daniel Reddythota

  2. ArbaMinch Water Technology Institute, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

    Geleta Tilahun Negatu

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  1. Abeanezer Lukas Bassa
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  2. Tilahun Kasa
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  3. Daniel Reddythota
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Contributions

ALB: conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection, collection, analysis of the samples, field work, survey, data collection, Arc GIS mapping.

TK: data curation, statistical analysis of data, review, and editing, Arc GIS mapping.

DR: conceptualization, plan of research work, methodology, data curation, writing—original draft preparation, review and editing, supervision.

GT: data curation, Arc GIS mapping, data collection, review and editing.

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Correspondence to Daniel Reddythota.

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Fig. 10
figure 10

Geological composition in the study area (source: Geological Survey of Ethiopia, 1972)

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Bassa, A.L., Kasa, T., Reddythota, D. et al. Investigation on the Source of Soil Salinity in Agricultural Land Adjacent to Chamo Lake, Ethiopia. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 576 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06560-w

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