Abstract
This study was conducted to understand the impact of biochar addition on the extractable forms of cadmium (Cd) in red paddy soil aggregates. Biochar was added once at five treatment rates (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 t ha−1) in the soil surface (0–17 cm) and subsurface (17–29 cm) layers, before rice cultivation in March 2020. Soil samples were collected from both layers at rice maturity in October 2020. Soil physicochemical properties were measured according to Bao’s method. The various forms of cadmium were extracted by modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) method, determined by ICP-MS. Soil aggregates were separated by wet sieving. The results showed that soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in both soil layers increased with the rate of biochar addition. Biochar applied at the high rate of 40 t ha−1 was the most effective in both soil layers. Biochar can promote the transformation of acid-soluble Cd forms into reducible and oxidizable forms in the soil. Correlation was analyzed between all fractions of Cd and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that soil pH, SOM, and CEC were significantly correlated with different forms of Cd. Biochar can promote Cd transformation to stable, less mobile forms, especially in < 0.053 mm, 0.053–0.25 mm, and 0.25–1 mm aggregates.
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The authors thank Dr. Christopher Ogden for his checking of the English language and comments on this paper.
Funding
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42107478), Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U20A2098), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BK 20150909), State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (No. Y20160038), Foundation of Chinese postdoctoral (2016M591884).
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Dr. Can Chen conducted the experiment and finished this manuscript. Dr. Ziqiang Dai designed the whole experiment and provided laboratory equipment. Dr. Peng Cai finished determination of sample data.
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Chen, C., Dai, Z. & Cai, P. Impact of Biochar Addition on the Extractable Forms of Cadmium in Red Paddy Soil Aggregates. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 282 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06294-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06294-9