Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation of heavy metal uptake by three types of ornamental plants as affected by application of organic and chemical fertilizers in contaminated soils

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Accumulation of heavy metals in soil media is considered as a serious environmental problem, which is hazardous to human and animal health. There have been several methods for the removal of these toxic metals. One of the commonly used methods is the use of plants, especially ornamental plants to remove heavy metals from soils. In this regard, the study has been conducted on the soils contaminated with Mn, Pb, Ni, and Cd using factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with two factors including three types of soil (soil A for the highest level of contamination, B for the lowest level of pollution, and C for the non-contaminated soil) with different contamination levels as well as three types of ornamental plants, gladiolus, daffodils, and narcissus with four replications. In another part of the study, soil A and gladiolus were used in a completely randomized design with three replications, and also three types of fertilizers, such as municipal solid waste compost, triple superphosphate and diammonium phosphate, were added to this soil. In addition, the availability of heavy metal was studied in gladiolus as influenced by the application of organic and chemical fertilizers. The results showed that heavy metal pollution caused reduction in the dry weight of gladiolus and tulips compared to the control sample, while there was no significant effect of pollution on the dry weight of narcissus. The uptake of Mn, Pb, Ni, and Cd by all three plants has been increased with enhancing the pollution levels of heavy metals. The highest concentration of Pb in the shoots of plants was observed in soil A with an average amount of 61.16 (mg kg−1), which revealed a substantial difference relative to the treatment of soil B and C. The most and least amount of Ni in the plants shoots were related to soil A and soil C with an average of 2.35 and 0.89 mg kg−1, respectively. The uptake of Pb by shoots of all three plants was nearly similar to each other, while more Pb was absorbed by the bulbs of gladiolus compared to the bulbs of other plants. Increment in the pollution levels led to the decrement in enrichment factor (EF); however, there was no effect of pollution levels on EF of Mn and Pb. Moreover, there was no effect of increasing pollution levels on translocation factor of these elements. In gladiolus, after application of organic and chemical fertilizers, it was observed that the concentration of heavy metals was far more in the bulbs compared to the shoots. In conclusion, the cultivation of these ornamental plants is highly recommended due to not only their decorative aspect but also their ability for bioremediation as well as being economical.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Achiba WA, Gabteni N, Lakhdar A, Laing GL, Verloo M, Jedidi N, Gallali T, 2009. Effects of 5-year application of municipal solid waste compost on the distribution and mobility of heavy metals in a Tunisian calcareous soil. Agric Ecosyst Environ 130:156–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Adesodun JK, Atayese MO, Agbaje T, Osadiaye BA, Mafe O, Soretire AA (2010) Phytoremediation potentials of sunflowers (Tithonia diversifolia and Helianthus annuus) for metals in soils contaminated with zinc and lead nitrates. Water Air Soil Pollut 207:195–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Agnello AC, Bagard M, van Hullebusch ED, Esposito G, Huguenot D (2016) Comparative bioremediation of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons co-contaminated soil by natural attenuation, phytoremediation, bioaugmentation and bioaugmentation-assisted phytoremediation. Sci Total Environ 563–564:693–703

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad W, Najeeb U, Zia MH (2015) Soil remediation and plants. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Alizadehoskoey P, Aliasgarzadeh N, Shariatmadari H, Asgarzadeh A, Baghbansiros Sh (2009) The effect of two types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on reducing toxicity of cadmium in tomato plants with different levels of phosphorus. J Soil Res Water Soil Sci 23(2):217–228 (in Persian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alloway BJ (1990) Heavy metals in soils. Blackie and son, ltd., Glasgow

    Google Scholar 

  • Alloway BJ, Jacks AP (1991) The behavior of heavy metal in sewage sludge amended soils. Sci Total Environ 100:151

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen M, Refsgaard KA, Raulund-rasmussen K, Storbel BW, Hansen B (2002) Content distribution and solubility of cadmium in arable and forest soils. Soil Sci Soc A J 66:1829–1835

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauycos GJ (1962) Hydrometer methods improved for making particle size of soils. J Agron 56:464–465

    Google Scholar 

  • Begum RA, Rahman MN, Mondol ATMAI, Rahman MJ, Khan FN (2007) Effect of different moisture regimes on the growth and quality of gladiolus. Int J Sustain Crop Prod 2(5):43–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanche C, Emmanuel D, Catherine K, Frederic P, Jean D (2012) Distribution and variability of silicon, copper and zinc. Plant Soil 351:377–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonanno G, Lo Giudice R (2010) Heavy metal bioaccumulation by the organs of Phragmites australis (common reed) and their potential use as contamination indicators. Ecol Indic 10:639–645

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown SL, Chaney RL, Angle JS, Baker AM (1995) Zinc and cadmium uptake by hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens and metal tolerant Silene vulgaris grown on sludge amended soils. Environ Sci Technol 29:1581–1585

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown S, Christensen B, Lombi E (2005) An inter-laboratory study to test the ability of amendments to reduce the availability of Cd, Pb, and Zn in situ. Environ Pollut 138:34–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Butt SJ (2005) Effect of N, P, K on some flower quality and corm yield characteristics of gladiolus. J Tekirdag Agric Fac 2:31–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Calzoni G, Antognoni F, Pari E, Fonti P, Gnes A, Speranza A (2007) Active biomonitoring of heavy metal pollution using Rosa rugosa plants. Environ Pollut 149:239–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao X, Lena QMA, Ming C, Satyap S, Wilieg H (2002) Impacts of phosphate amendments on lead biogeochemistry at a contaminated site. Environ Sci 36(24):5296–5304

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao X, Ma LO, Rhue DR, Appel CS (2004) Mechanism of lead, copper, and zinc retention by phosphate rock. Environ Pollut 131:435–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaney LR, Green CE, Filcheva E, Brown SL (1994) Effect of iron, manganese and zinc enriched biosolid compost on uptake of cadmium by lettuce from cadmium-contaminated soils in sewage sludge: land utilization and the environmental. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp 205–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Chehregani A, Noori M, LariYazdi H (2009) Phytoremediation of heavy-metal-polluted soils: screening for new accumulator plants in Angouran mine (Iran) and evaluation of removal ability. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 72:1349–1353

    Google Scholar 

  • Cholpecka A, Adriano DC (1996) Influence of zeolite, apatite, and Fe-oxide on Cd and Pb uptake by crops. Sci Total Environ 207:195-–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Coppola EI, Battaglia G, Bucci M, Ceglie D, Colella A, Langella A, Buondonno A, Colella C (2003) Remediation of Cd- and Pb-polluted soil by treatment with organozeolite conditioner. Clay Miner 51:609–615

    Google Scholar 

  • Cordell D, Drangert JO, White S (2009) The story of phosphorus: global food security and food for thought. Glob Environ Change 19:292–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalenberg JW, van Driel W (1990) Contribution of atmospheric deposition to heavy metal concentration in field crops. Neth J Agric Sci 38:367–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis RD (1984) Cadmium, a complex environmental problem: II—cadmium in sludge used as fertilizer. Experientia 40:117–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Deheri GS, Brar MS, Malhi SS (2007) Influence of phosphorus application on growth and cadmium uptake of spinach in two cadmium-contaminated soils. Plant Nutr Soil Sci 170:495–499

    Google Scholar 

  • Delrio M, Font R, Almela C, Velez D, Montoro R, Deharo A (2002) Heavy metals and arsenic uptake by wild vegetation in the Guadiamar river area after the toxic spill of the Aznalcollar mine. J Biotechnol 98:125–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhir B, Srivasta S (2011) Heavy metal removal from a multi-metal solution and wastewater by Salvinia natans. Ecol Eng 123:215–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Espinosa AJ, Oliva SR (2006) The composition and relationships between trace element levels in inhalable atmospheric particles (PM10) and in leaves of Nerium oleander L. and Lantana camara L. Chemosphere 62:1665–1672

    Google Scholar 

  • Farahmand H (2007) Micro propagation of Fars endemic Narcissus L. populations. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Horticultural Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

  • FengPeng F, Song H, Yuan Y, Cui P, Qiu X, G (2009) The remediation of heavy metals contaminated sediment. J Hazard Mater 161:633–640

    Google Scholar 

  • Figueroa J, Wrobel K, Afton S, Joseph A, Caruso J, Corona J, Wrobel K, 2008. Effect of some heavy metals and soil humic substances on the phytochelatin production in wild plants from silver mine areas of Guanajuato. Mexico Chemosphere 70:2091

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghaderian SM, Mohtadi A, Rahiminejad MR, Baker AJM (2007) Nickel and other metal uptake and accumulation by species of Alyssum (Brassicaceae) from the ultramafics of Iran. Environ Pollut 145:293–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh S (2010) Wetland macrophytes as toxic metal accumulators. Int J Environ Sci 1:523–528

    Google Scholar 

  • Greipsson S (2011) Phytoremediation. Nat Educ Knowl 2:7

    Google Scholar 

  • Habiba U, Ali S, Farid M, Shakoor MB, Rizwan M, Ibrahim M, Abbasi GH, Hayat T, Ali B (2015) EDTA enhanced plant growth, antioxidant defense system, and phytoextraction of copper by Brassica napus L. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:1534–1544

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadson JF (1963) Chemistry of micronutrient elements in soil. Adv Agron 25:119–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Hargreaves JC, Adl MS, Warman PR (2008) A review of the use of composted municipal solid waste in agriculture. Agric Ecosyst Environ 123:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • He QB, Singh BR (1993) Effect of organic matter on the distribution, extractability and uptake of cadmium in soils. Eur Soil sci 44:641–650

    Google Scholar 

  • Hettiarachchi GM, Pierzynski GM (2002) In situ stabilization of soil lead using phosphorus and manganese oxide: influence of plant growth. Environ Qual 31:564–572

    Google Scholar 

  • Holford ICR (1997) Soil phosphorus: its measurement and its uptake by plants. Austral J Soil Res 35:227–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes MK, Lepp NW, Phipps DA (1980) Aerial heavy metal pollution and terrestrial ecosystems. Adv Ecol Res 11:217–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal M, Iqbal N, Bhatti IA, Ahmad N, Zahid M (2016) Response surface methodology application in optimization of cadmium adsorption by shoe waste: a good option of waste mitigation by waste. Ecol Eng 88:265–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamil S, Abhilash PC, Singh N, Sharma PN (2009) Jatropha curcas: a potential crop for phytoremediation of coal fly ash. J Hazard Mater 172:269–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabala C, Singh BR (2001) Fractionation and mobility of copper, lead and zinc in soil profiles in the vicinity of copper smelter. J Environ Qual 30:485–492

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabata-Pendias A (2010) Trace elements in soils and plants, 4th edn. Boca Raton, p 534

  • Kabata-Pendias A, Mukherjee AB (2007) Trace elements from soil to human. Springer, Berlin, p 23

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H (2001) Trace elements in soils and plant, 3rd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, p 413

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalve S, Sarangi BK, Pandey RA, Chakrabarti T (2011) Arsenic and chromium hyperaccumulation by an ecotype of Pteris vittata-prospective for phytoextraction from contaminated water and soil. Curr Sci 100:888–894

    Google Scholar 

  • Karami A, Shamsuddin ZH (2010) Phytoremediation of heavy metals with several efficiency enhancer methods. Afr J Biotechnol 9:3689–3698

    Google Scholar 

  • Kastori R, Petrovic M, Petrovic N (1992) Effect of excess lead, cadmium, copper and zinc on water relations in sunflower. J Plant Nutr 15:2426–2439

    Google Scholar 

  • Khajanchi L, Minhas P, Shipra R (2008) Extraction of cadmium and tolerance of three annual cut flowers on Cd-contaminated soils. Biores Technol 99:1006–1011

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan S, Cao Q, Zheng YM, Huang YZ, Zhu YG (2008) Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Environ Pollut 152:686–692

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan FN, Rahman MM, Karimi AJMS., Hossain KM (2012) Effects of Nitrogen and potassium on growth and yield of gladiolus corm. Bangladesh J Agric Res 37(4):607–661

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan AR, Waqas M, Ullah I, Khan AL, Khan MA, Lee IJ, Shin JH (2016) Culturable endophytic fungal diversity in the cadmium hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. and their role in enhancing phytoremediation. Environ Exp Bot 135:126–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti GSR, Naidu R (2003) Solid-solution equilibria of cadmium in soils. Geoderma 113:17–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Lai H, Chen Z (2006) The influence of EDTA application on the interactions of cadmium, zinc, and lead and their uptake of rainbow pink (Dianthus chinensis). J Hazard Mater 137:1710–1718

    Google Scholar 

  • Li HY, Zhu YG, Smith SE, Smith FA (2003) Phosphorus–zinc interactions in two barley cultivars differing in phosphorus and zinc efficiencies. Plant Nutr 26:1085–1099

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay WL, Norvel WA (1978) Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42:421–428

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu R, Zhoa D (2007) In situ immobilization of Cu(II) in soils using a new class of iron phosphate nanoparticles. Chemosphere 68:1867–1876

    Google Scholar 

  • Long W, Dai-yan L, De-chun S (2011) The effect of planting oilseed rape and compost application on heavy metal forms in soil and Cd and Pb uptake in rice. Agric Sci China 10(2):267–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz SE, McGrath SP, Giller KE (1992) Assessment of free living nitrogen fixation activity as a biological indicator of heavy metal toxicity in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 24:601–606

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma QY, Choate AL, Rao GN (1997) Effects of incubation and phosphate rock on lead extractability and speciation in contaminated soils. Environ Qual 26:801–807

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahar A, Wang P, Ali A, Awasthi MK, Lahori AH, Wang Q, Li R, Zhang Z (2016) Challenges and opportunities in the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils: a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 126:111–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathew AM (2005) Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. M.Sc. thesis, Oklahoma State University, 5-101

  • Memon AR, Schroder P (2009) Implications of metal accumulation mechanisms to phytoremediation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 16:162–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Milic D, Lukovic J, Ninkov J, Zeremski-Skoric T, Zoric L, Vasin J, Milic S (2012) Heavy metal content in halophytic plants from inland and maritime saline areas. Cent Eur J Biol 7:307–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Misra V, Chaturvedi PK (2007) Plant uptake/bioavailability of heavy metals from the contaminated soil after treatment with humus soil and hydroxyl apatite. Environ Monit Assess 133:169–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukhopadhyay S, Maiti SK (2010) Phytoremediation of metal enriched mine waste: a review. Glob J Environ Res 4:135–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Naees M, Ali Q, Shahbaz M, Ali F (2011) Role of rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of heavy metals: an overview. Int Res J Plant Sci 2:220–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Niedziela CE, Kim SH, Nelson PV, De Hertogh AA (2008) Effects of N–P–K deficiency and temperature regime on the growth and development of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’ during bulb production under phytotron conditions. Sci Hortic 116:430–436

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen SR, Wanatabe FS (1957) A method to determine phosphorus adsorption maximum of soils as measured by the Langmuir isotherm. Soil Sci Soc Am J 21(2):144–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Padmavathiamma PK, Li LY (2007) Phytoremediation technology: hyperaccumulation metals in plants. Water Air Soil Pollut 184:105–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Pais I, Jones JB (1997) The handbook of trace elements. St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton, p 223

    Google Scholar 

  • Peer W, Baxter I, Richards E, Freeman J, Murphy A (2005) Phytoremediation and hyperaccumulator plants. In: Tamas M, Martinoia E (eds) Topics in current genetics, molecular biology of metal homeostasis and detoxification, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, pp 299–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitot CH, Dragan PY (1996) Chemical carcionogenesis. In: Casarett and Doull's toxicology, 5th edn. International Edition, Mcgraw Hill, New York, pp 201–260

  • Placek A, Grobelak A, Kacprzak M (2016) Improving the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil by use of sewage sludge. Int J Phytoremediat 18(6):605–618

    Google Scholar 

  • Prabpai S, Charerntanyarak L, Siri B, Moore M, Barry R, Noller N (2009) Effects of residues from municipal solid waste landfill on corn yield and heavy metal content. Waste Manag 29:2316–2320

    Google Scholar 

  • Renella G, Adamo P, Bianco MR, Landi L, Violante P, Nannipieri P (2004) Availability and speciation of cadmium added to a calcareous soil under various managements. Eur Soil Sci 55:123–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Richie OO, Harrison IA, 2016. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by Psoralea pinnata. Int J Environ Sci Dev 5(5):440

    Google Scholar 

  • Roades JD (1996) Salinity: electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. In: Method of soil analysis, part 3: chemical methods, Madison, Wisconsin, pp 417–436

  • Ronaghi A, Chakrol-hosseini M, Karimian N (2002) Growth and chemical composition of corn as affected by phosphorus and iron. Sci Technol Agric Nat Resour 6:91–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross SM (1994) Toxic metals in soil–plant system. Wiley, Chichester, pp 211–231

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowell DL (1994) Measurement of the composition of soil solution. In: Soil science book: part 7 methods and applications. Longmans, Harlow, p 146. ISBN: 0582087848

  • Ruamrungsri S, Ohyama T, Konno T, Ikarashi T (1996) Deficiency of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, or Fe mineral nutrients in Narcissus cv. “Garden Giant”. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 42:809–820

    Google Scholar 

  • Sajawan KS, Paramasivam S, Richardson JP, Alva AK (2002) Phosphorus alleviation of cadmium phytotoxicity. Plant Nutr 25:2027–2034

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakakibara M, Ohmori Y, Ha NTH, Sano S, Sera K (2011) Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated water and sediment by Eleocharis acicularis. Clean Soil Air Water 39:735–741

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarma H (2011) Metal hyperaccumulation in plants: a review focusing on phytoremediation technology. J Environ Sci Technol 4:118–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Sato A, Takeda H, Oyanagi W, Nishihara E, Murakami M (2010) Reduction of cadmium uptake in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) by soil amendment with animal waste compost. Hazard Mater 173:705–709

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabani N, Sayadi MH (2012) Evaluation of heavy metals accumulation by two emergent macrophytes from the polluted soil: an experimental study. Environmentalist 32:91–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma UB (2014) Effect of biofertilizer and zinc on gladiolus. Ph.D. thesis, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, p 189

  • Shuman LM, Dudka S, Das K (2002) Cadmium forms and plant availability in compost-amended soil. Commun Soil Sci Plant 33:737–784

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh RP, Agrawal M (2008) Potential benefits and risks of land application of sewage sludge. Waste Manag 28:347–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Smical AI, Hotea V, Oro V, Juhasz J, Pop E (2008) Studies on transfer and bioaccumulation of heavy metals from soil into lettuce. Environ Eng Manag J 5:609–615

    Google Scholar 

  • Sposito G, Lund LJ, Chang AC (1982) Trace metal chemistry in arid zone field soils amended with sewage sludge: I. fractionation of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in solid phases. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46:260–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Suchkova N, Darakas E, Ganoulis J (2010) Phytoremediation as a prospective method for rehabilitation of areas contaminated by long-term sewage sludge storage: a Ukrainian–Greek case study. Ecol Eng 36:373–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama S, Ichii T, Fujisawa M, Kawashiro K, Tomida T, Shigemoto N, Hayashi H (2003) Heavy metal immobilization in aqueous solution using calcium phosphate and calcium hydrogen phosphates. Colloid Interface Sci 259:408–410

    Google Scholar 

  • Tack FMG, Du Laing G, de Vos R, Vandecasteele B, Lesage E, Verloo MG (2007) Effect of salinity on heavy metal mobility and availability in intertidal sediments of the Scheldt estuary. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 77(4):589–602

    Google Scholar 

  • Thawornchaisit U, Polprasert C (2009) Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers for the stabilization of cadmium in highly contaminated soils. Hazard Mater 165:1109–1113

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas GW (1996) Soil pH and soil acidity. In: Sparks DL (ed) Methods of soil analysis, part 3: chemical methods. SSSA book series, vol 5. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, pp 475–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Tisdal SL, Nelson WL, Beaton JD (1984) Soil fertility and fertilizers, 4th edn. Macmillon Publishing Company, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Turkoglu N, Alp S, Cig A (2008) Effect of di ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilization in different doses on bulb and flower of narcissus. Am Eur J Agric Environ Sci 4(5):595–598

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Liedekerke M, Prokop G, Rabl-Berger S, Kibblewhite M, Louwagie G (2014) Progress in the management of contaminated sites in Europe. Report EUR 26376 EN, European Commission Joint Research Center, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra. https://doi.org/10.2788/4658

  • Vishnu P, Gadepalle K, Ouki SR, Van Herwijnen R, Hutchings T (2007) Immobilization of heavy metals in soil using natural and waste materials for vegetation establishment on contaminated sites. Soil Sedim Contam 16:233–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Vithanage M, Dabrowska BB, Mukherjee B, Sandhi A, Bhattacharya P (2012) Arsenic uptake by plants and possible phytoremediation applications: a brief overview. Environ Chem Lett 10:217–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Walkey A, Black IA (1934) An Examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci 37:29–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang B, Xie Z, Chen J, Jiang J, Su Q (2008) Effects of field application of phosphate fertilizers on the availability and uptake of lead, zinc and cadmium by cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in a mining tailing contaminated soil. J Environ Sci 20:1109–1117

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendelbo P (1977) Tulips and Irises of Iran and their relatives, Botanical Institute of Iran, Tehran

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong CSC, Li X, Thornton I (2006) Urban environmental geochemistry of trace metals. Environ Pollut 142:1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright RT (2007) Environmental science. Toward a sustainable future. Prentice Hall of India, Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang GM, Zhu LJ, Santos JAG, Chen Y, Lie G, Guanf DX (2017) Effect of phosphate minerals on phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated groundwater using an arsenic-hyperaccumulator. Environ Technol Innov 8:366–372

    Google Scholar 

  • Yong R (2001) Geoenvironmental engineering: contaminated soils, pollutant fate and mitigation. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, p 283

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoon J, Cao X, Zhou Q, Ma LQ (2006) Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Sci Total Environ 368:456–464

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeng X, Xu X, Boezen HM, Huo X (2016) Children with health impairments by heavy metals in an e-waste recycling area. Chemosphere 148:408–415

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Zhanga S, Xua X, Li T, Gong G, Jia Y, Li Y, Denga L (2010) Tolerance and accumulation characteristics of cadmium in Amaranthus hybridus L. J Hazard Mater 180:303–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou YC, Li MS (2008) Heavy metal contamination and transportation in soil-tea leaf-tea liquor system in two tea gardens of Guangxi. J Agro Environ Sci 6:2151–2157

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimdahl RL (1975) Entry and movement in vegetation of lead derived from air and soil sources. In: Paper presented at 68th annual meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, Boston, p 524

  • Zorrig W, Rouached A, Shahzad Z, Abdelly C, Davidian J, Berthomieu P (2010) Identification of three relationships linking cadmium accumulation to cadmium tolerance and zinc and citrate accumulation in lettuce. Plant Physiol 167:1239–1247

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

    Haftarani Dodangeh & Ghasem Rahimi

  2. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

    Mahboobeh Fallah

  3. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

    Eisa Ebrahimi

Authors
  1. Haftarani Dodangeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ghasem Rahimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mahboobeh Fallah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Eisa Ebrahimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahboobeh Fallah.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dodangeh, H., Rahimi, G., Fallah, M. et al. Investigation of heavy metal uptake by three types of ornamental plants as affected by application of organic and chemical fertilizers in contaminated soils. Environ Earth Sci 77, 473 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7620-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7620-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation