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Microplastic Contamination in Ulhas River Flowing Through India’s Most Populous Metropolitan Area

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Abstract  

In addition to providing drinking water and a means of transportation, urban rivers also support inland fisheries, agriculture, and industry. Urban rivers, however, are continually being influenced by anthropogenic stressors, such as plastic pollution, and are thus predicted to play a significant role in the worldwide ocean plastic pollution problem. The management of urban rivers remains one of the major challenges due to the lack of knowledge on the degree of riverine microplastics (MPs), particularly in nations like India. Therefore, the current study investigates on MP pollution in the Ulhas River, which runs through Mumbai, India’s most populous metropolis, and contributes significantly to MPs entering the Arabian Sea. MPs were extracted from sediment samples collected across the Ulhas River basin and then identified using FTIR-ATR, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM–EDX. MP particles were detected in every sediment sample taken from the Ulhas River, and their concentration ranged from 40 to 600 particles kg−1 of sediment. LDPE, HDPE, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyester, and nylon were found to be the primary polymers. When combined with demographic estimates and land use patterns, the estimated pollution load index (PLI), polymeric risk (H), and pollution risk index (PRI) show that five of the nine sub-basins are expected to represent significant ecological risk and are therefore referred to as “hotspots” of MP pollution. The majority of MPs in the Ulhas River originate from secondary sources. Examining MPs using SEM–EDX indicates their ageing, disintegration, and association with biofilm. The information obtained from this study’s data is useful for establishing water quality standards, monitoring and controlling pollution efficiently, and serving as a foundation for further research.

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Data Availability

Data will be made available on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

MPs :

Microplastics

FTIR-ATR :

Fourier transform infrared spectrometry–attenuated total reflectance

SEM-EDX :

Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive x-ray analysis

LDPE :

Low-density polyethylene

HDPE :

High-density polyethylene

PLI :

Pollution load index

H :

Polymeric risk

PRI :

Pollution risk index

d.w.:

Dry weight

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Acknowledgements

We thank anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which significantly enhanced the quality of the manuscript. This study was partially funded by grant from the University of Mumbai, under the scheme of Minor research project, letter no. APD/ICD/2019-20/762, Project # 746 sanctioned to Sachin Gosavi and Institutional research support ČZU v Praze RVO: 60460709. The authors acknowledge Trupti Kale for help during sampling. The proofreading of English was conducted by Gary Bentley.

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  1. Chandani R. Verma and Manoj Pise contributed equally to this work

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  1. Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

    Chandani R. Verma, Manoj Pise, Pradeep Kumkar & Lukáš Kalous

  2. Department of Zoology, Maharashtra College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mumbai, India

    Sachin M. Gosavi

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Verma, C.R., Pise, M., Kumkar, P. et al. Microplastic Contamination in Ulhas River Flowing Through India’s Most Populous Metropolitan Area. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 520 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05968-0

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