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The Seasonality of Contaminants in an Urbanized Microbasin in the Brazilian Amazon

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Abstract  

Unplanned urban growth in the Amazon region can cause rapid deterioration in the quality of water resources. The city of Santarém, in western Pará, is one of the largest cities in the Brazilian Amazon and lacks efficient basic sanitation, impacting the quality of water, fish, and public health. The effect of seasonality in the Amazon controls the dynamics of contaminants of water resources. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate if there is an influence of seasonality — Amazonian summer (dry) × Amazonian winter (wet) — on the dynamics of contaminants, and if there is a change in the quality standards established by the Brazilian Resolution of Water Quality — CONAMA 375/05. A risk analysis for human health was conducted to predict the effects of exposure by direct ingestion through contact with and swimming in contaminated water. Sampling was carried out at four points in the Irurá watershed, which is part of the Tapajós River basin. Physicochemical and biological parameters and principal anions and metals were analyzed in the rainy and dry seasons. The rainy season increased the concentration of some contaminants, such as Cl, which was 27 times higher compared to the dry season, indicating anthropogenic input. Nitrite showed a positive correlation with nitrate only in the rainy season. Furthermore, the application of indices of hazards of ingestion, despite presenting a low risk to the population, showed the need for monitoring, due to the lack of sanitary infrastructure and the disorderly urban expansion in the municipality.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author by request. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bachelor of Science and Water Technology, Federal University of Western Pará, Av Mendonça Furtado, PA, 2946 68040-070, Santarem, Brazil

    Thiago Shinaigger Rocha do Nascimento & Louisiane Farias Batista

  2. Department of Geology, Federal University of Western Pará, Av. Vera Paz, s/n. Salé, Santarem, PA, 68035-110, Brazil

    Christiane do Nascimento Monte & Igor Costa

  3. Department of Petroleum Exploration and Production, Universidade Federal do Pará, St.Raimundo Santana Cruz, PA, 68721-000, Salinópolis, Brazil

    Edinelson Saldanha Corrêa

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  1. Thiago Shinaigger Rocha do Nascimento
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do Nascimento, T.S.R., do Nascimento Monte, C., Corrêa, E.S. et al. The Seasonality of Contaminants in an Urbanized Microbasin in the Brazilian Amazon. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 412 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05879-0

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