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Silicon-Calcium Synergetic Alleviation of Cadmium Toxicity in the Paddy Soil-Rice System: from Plot Experiment to Field Demonstration

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Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) contamination threatens the safety of rice and seriously endangers human health. In plot and field experiments, the effect of combined silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca) application on Cd toxicity and accumulation by rice was investigated in low and moderately Cd-contaminated paddy soils. Two types of Si fertilizers, limestone, and novel composite soil amendment (Si + Ca) were soil-applied before rice planting. The Si + Ca treatment increased rice yield by 1.0 to 6.0% in pot test and by 0.9 to 16.6% in field test and reduced the bioavailable soil Cd by 13.5 to 38.7%. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Cd depended on the level of soil contamination, being higher under slight contamination. As a result, the Cd concentration in the control rice exceeded the 0.22 mg kg−1 standard even in low polluted paddy soil. The Si + Ca composite provided the reductions in the grain Cd by 42 to 75%, demonstrating better efficiency than Si or Ca alone. The Si and Ca mostly restrained the Cd root-to-stem transport. Comparative analysis of BCF, translocation factor, and grain Cd under different treatments evidences the synergetic reducing effect of Si + Ca on Cd uptake and accumulation by rice. To alleviate Cd contamination in the paddy soil-rice system, Si + Ca combined application could be effective and worth to be recommended.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province, China (2019WK2031), and Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation, China (2018WK4013). The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2018JJ3276) and by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation, themes 121040500136–7 and 121040800103–6. There is no conflict of interest between authors of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Furong District, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, 410128, People’s Republic of China

    Pengbo Zhang & Yangzhu Zhang

  2. Hunan University of Finance and Economics, 410205, Changsha, People’s Republic of China

    Pengbo Zhang, Xiao Wei, Qiang Zhan & Vladimir Matichenkov

  3. Institute Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia

    Elena Bocharnikova & Vladimir Matichenkov

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  1. Pengbo Zhang
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  2. Xiao Wei
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  3. Yangzhu Zhang
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  4. Qiang Zhan
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  5. Elena Bocharnikova
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  6. Vladimir Matichenkov
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Contributions

Mr. Pengbo Zhang participated in sample collection, analysis, and manuscript preparation; Dr. Xiao Wei participated in organization of the plot and field experiments; Dr. Yangzhu Zhang participated in design of the experiment and manuscript preparation; Dr. Qiang Zhan participated in sample collection and soil and plant analysis; Dr. Elena Bocharnikova participated in the analysis, laboratory test, and manuscript writing; Prof. Vladimir Matichenkov participated in the sample collection, laboratory experiments, and manuscript preparation.

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Correspondence to Yangzhu Zhang.

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Zhang, P., Wei, X., Zhang, Y. et al. Silicon-Calcium Synergetic Alleviation of Cadmium Toxicity in the Paddy Soil-Rice System: from Plot Experiment to Field Demonstration. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 357 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05761-z

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