Abstract
In the agroecosystem, titanium dioxide nanoparticles are used in fertilisers, pesticides, remediation and bio-sensors. These applications lead to a pervasive and inevitable distribution of TiO2 NPs in the agroecosystem. It is very important to understand the behaviour of TiO2 NPs in the soil and to assess their impact on the agroecosystem. This review aims to provide an overview of the fate and behaviour of TiO2 NPs in the soil and their impact on staple food crops. The first part of this review deals with the application, and release of TiO2 NPs followed by their fate and behaviour of TiO2 NPs in the soil. Furthermore, the dual (beneficial and toxic) impact of TiO2 NPs on staple food crops such as wheat, rice and maize has been discussed. We also address the mechanism of impact of TiO2 NPs. The second part deals with the beneficial impact of TiO2 NPs followed by their critical assessment. The final section of the review deals with the existing knowledge gaps and future research directions. This review is to deliver information on the safer application of nanoparticles in agriculture.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
References
Acevedo, M., Zurn, J. D., Molero, G., Singh, P., He, X., Aoun, M., et al. (2018). The role of wheat in global food security. In Agricultural Development and Sustainable Intensification (pp. 81–110). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203733301-4.
Ahmed, B., Khan, M. S., Saquib, Q., Al-Shaeri, M., & Musarrat, J. (2018). Interplay between engineered nanomaterials (ENMS) and edible plants: A current perspective. In Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles (pp. 63–102). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76708-6_2.
Asli, S., & Neumann, P. M. (2009). Colloidal suspensions of clay or titanium dioxide nanoparticles can inhibit leaf growth and transpiration via physical effects on root water transport. Plant, Cell and Environment, 32(5), 577–584. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01952.x
Awika, J. M. (2011). Major cereal grains production and use around the world. In ACS Symposium Series (vol. 1089, pp. 1–13). American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2011-1089.ch001.
Bakshi, M., Liné, C., Bedolla, D. E., Stein, R. J., Kaegi, R., Sarret, G., et al. (2019). Assessing the impacts of sewage sludge amendment containing nano-TiO2 on tomato plants: A life cycle study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 369, 191–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.036
Bellani, L., Siracusa, G., Giorgetti, L., Di Gregorio, S., Ruffini Castiglione, M., Spanò, C., et al. (2020). TiO2 nanoparticles in a biosolid-amended soil and their implication in soil nutrients, microorganisms and Pisum sativum nutrition. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 190, 110095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110095
Bhowmick, M. K. (2018). Seed priming: A low-cost technology for resource-poor farmers in improving pulse productivity. In Advances in Seed Priming (pp. 187–208). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0032-5_11.
Cai, F., Wu, X., Zhang, H., Shen, X., Zhang, M., Chen, W., et al. (2017). Impact of TiO2 nanoparticles on lead uptake and bioaccumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). NanoImpact, 5, 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2017.01.006
Carvalho, P., & Foulkes, M. J. (2018). Roots and uptake of water and nutrients. In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology (pp. 1–24). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_195-3.
Castiglione, M. R., Giorgetti, L., Geri, C., & Cremonini, R. (2011). The effects of nano-TiO2 on seed germination, development and mitosis of root tip cells of Vicia narbonensis L. and Zea mays L. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(6), 2443–2449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-0135-8
Chavan, S., Sarangdhar, V., & Nadanathangam, V. (2020). Toxicological effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on plant growth promoting soil bacteria. Emerging Contaminants, 6, 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2020.01.003
Chen, Y., Wu, N., Mao, H., Zhou, J., Su, Y., Zhang, Z., et al. (2019). Different toxicities of nanoscale titanium dioxide particles in the roots and leaves of wheat seedlings. RSC Advances, 9(33), 19243–19252. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra02984b
Clavier, A., Carnal, F., & Stoll, S. (2016). Effect of surface and salt properties on the ion distribution around spherical nanoparticles: Monte Carlo simulations. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 120(32), 7988–7997. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05104
Cornelis, G., Ryan, B., McLaughlin, M. J., Kirby, J. K., Beak, D., & Chittleborough, D. (2011). Solubility and batch retention of CeO2 nanoparticles in soils. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(7), 2777–2782. https://doi.org/10.1021/es103769k
Dağhan, H. (2018). Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, chlorophyll content and nutrient uptake. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16, 6873–6883. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1605_68736883
Dai, C., Shen, H., Duan, Y., Liu, S., Zhou, F., Wu, D., et al. (2019). TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles combined with surfactants mitigate the toxicity of Cd2+ to wheat seedlings. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 230(11), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4297-4
Degenkolb, L., Kaupenjohann, M., & Klitzke, S. (2019). The variable fate of Ag and TiO 2 nanoparticles in natural soil solutions—Sorption of organic matter and nanoparticle stability. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 230(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4123-z
Deng, Y., Petersen, E. J., Challis, K. E., Rabb, S. A., Holbrook, R. D., Ranville, J. F., et al. (2017). Multiple method analysis of TiO2 nanoparticle uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(18), 10615–10623. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01364
Dias, M. C., Santos, C., Pinto, G., Silva, A. M. S., & Silva, S. (2019). Titanium dioxide nanoparticles impaired both photochemical and non-photochemical phases of photosynthesis in wheat. Protoplasma, 256(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-018-1281-6
Dimkpa, C. O. (2018). Soil properties influence the response of terrestrial plants to metallic nanoparticles exposure. Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2018.06.007.
Du, W., Gardea-Torresdey, J. L., Xie, Y., Yin, Y., Zhu, J., Zhang, X., et al. (2017). Elevated CO2 levels modify TiO2 nanoparticle effects on rice and soil microbial communities. Science of the Total Environment, 578, 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.197
Du, W., Sun, Y., Ji, R., Zhu, J., Wu, J., & Guo, H. (2011). TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles negatively affect wheat growth and soil enzyme activities in agricultural soil. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 13(4), 822–828. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0em00611d
Dubey, A., & Mailapalli, D. R. (2016). Nanofertilisers, nanopesticides, nanosensors of pest and nanotoxicity in agriculture (pp. 307–330). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26777-7_7.
Fang, J., Shan, X.-q, Wen, B., Lin, J.-m, & Owens, G. (2009). Stability of titania nanoparticles in soil suspensions and transport in saturated homogeneous soil columns. Environmental Pollution, 157(4), 1101–1109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.006
Faraji, J., & Sepehri, A. (2019). Ameliorative effects of TiO2 nanoparticles and sodium nitroprusside on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat under PEG-stimulated drought stress. SciELO Brasil, 41(3), 309–317. https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S2317-153720190003.00309&script=sci_arttext. Accessed 17 Feb 2021.
Faraz, A., Faizan, M., Fariduddin, Q., & Hayat, S. (2020). Response of titanium nanoparticles to plant growth: Agricultural perspectives (pp. 101–110). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33996-8_5.
Feizi, H., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Shahtahmassebi, N., & Fotovat, A. (2012). Impact of bulk and nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Biological Trace Element Research, 146(1), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-011-9222-7
Fellmann, S., & Eichert, T. (2017). Acute effects of engineered nanoparticles on the growth and gas exchange of Zea mays L.—What are the underlying causes? Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 228(5), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3364-y
Ganie, S. A., Molla, K. A., Henry, R. J., Bhat, K. V., & Mondal, T. K. (2019). Advances in understanding salt tolerance in rice. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 132(4), 851–870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03301-8
Ge, X., Zhou, P., Zhang, Q., Xia, Z., Chen, S., Gao, P., et al. (2020). Palladium single atoms on TiO 2 as a photocatalytic sensing platform for analyzing the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos. Angewandte Chemie, 132(1), 238–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201911516
Ghoto, K., Simon, M., Shen, Z. J., Gao, G. F., Li, P. F., Li, H., & Zheng, H. L. (2020). Physiological and root exudation response of maize seedlings to TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles exposure. BioNanoScience, 10(2), 473–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-020-00724-2
Gogos, A., Moll, J., Klingenfuss, F., Heijden, M., Irin, F., Green, M. J., et al. (2016). Vertical transport and plant uptake of nanoparticles in a soil mesocosm experiment. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 14(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-016-0191-z
Gong, F., Yang, L., Tai, F., Hu, X., & Wang, W. (2014). Omics of maize stress response for sustainable food production: Opportunities and challenges. OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology, 18(12), 714–732. https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2014.0125
Hu, J., Wu, X., Wu, F., Chen, W., Zhang, X., White, J. C., et al. (2020). TiO2 nanoparticle exposure on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.): Dose-dependent deterioration of nutritional quality. Environmental Science: Nano, 7(2), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9en01215j
Irshad, M. A., Nawaz, R., Rehman, M. Z., urAdreesRizwan, M. M., Ali, S., et al. (2021). Synthesis, characterization and advanced sustainable applications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 212, 111978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111978
Jacoby, R., Peukert, M., Succurro, A., Koprivova, A., & Kopriva, S. (2017). The role of soil microorganisms in plant mineral nutrition—Current knowledge and future directions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1617. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01617
Jahan, S., Alias, Y. B., Bakar, A. F. B. A., & Yusoff, I. B. (2018). Toxicity evaluation of ZnO and TiO2 nanomaterials in hydroponic red bean (Vigna angularis) plant: Physiology, biochemistry and kinetic transport. Journal of Environmental Sciences (china), 72, 140–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.12.022
Jayalath, S., Wu, H., Larsen, S. C., & Grassian, V. H. (2018). Surface adsorption of Suwannee River humic acid on TiO2 nanoparticles: A study of pH and particle size. Langmuir, 34(9), 3136–3145. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00300
Ji, Y., Zhou, Y., Ma, C., Feng, Y., Hao, Y., Rui, Y., et al. (2017). Jointed toxicity of TiO2 NPs and Cd to rice seedlings: NPs alleviated Cd toxicity and Cd promoted NPs uptake. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 110, 82–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.010
Jiang, F., Shen, Y., Ma, C., Zhang, X., Cao, W., & Rui, Y. (2017). Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings cultivated under super-elevated and normal CO2 conditions. PLoS One, 12(5), e0178088. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178088
Karunakaran, G., Suriyaprabha, R., Rajendran, V., & Kannan, N. (2016). Influence of ZrO2, SiO2, Al2 O3and TiO2 nanoparticles on maize seed germination under different growth conditions. IET Nanobiotechnology, 10(4), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0007
Khan, Z., Shahwar, D., Yunus Ansari, M. K., & Chandel, R. (2019). Toxicity assessment of anatase (TiO2) nanoparticles: A pilot study on stress response alterations and DNA damage studies in Lens culinaris Medik. Heliyon, 5(7), e02069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02069
Kibbey, T. C. G., & Strevett, K. A. (2019). The effect of nanoparticles on soil and rhizosphere bacteria and plant growth in lettuce seedlings. Chemosphere, 221, 703–707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.091
Kissel, D. E., Sonon, L., Vendrell, P. F., & Isaac, R. A. (2009). Salt concentration and measurement of soil pH. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 40(1–6), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620802625377
Ko, J. A., & Hwang, Y. S. (2019). Effects of nanoTiO2 on tomato plants under different irradiances. Environmental Pollution, 255, 113141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113141
Lal, B., Gautam, P., Nayak, A. K., Raja, R., Shahid, M., Tripathi, R., et al. (2018). Agronomic manipulations can enhance the productivity of anaerobic tolerant rice sown in flooded soils in rainfed areas. Field Crops Research, 220, 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.026
Larue, C., Baratange, C., Vantelon, D., Khodja, H., Surblé, S., Elger, A., & Carrière, M. (2018). Influence of soil type on TiO2 nanoparticle fate in an agro-ecosystem. Science of the Total Environment, 630, 609–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.264
Larue, C., Castillo-Michel, H., Sobanska, S., Trcera, N., Sorieul, S., Cécillon, L., et al. (2014). Fate of pristine TiO2 nanoparticles and aged paint-containing TiO2 nanoparticles in lettuce crop after foliar exposure. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 273, 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.014
Larue, C., Laurette, J., Herlin-Boime, N., Khodja, H., Fayard, B., Flank, A. M., et al. (2012a). Accumulation, translocation and impact of TiO2 nanoparticles in wheat (Triticum aestivum spp.): Influence of diameter and crystal phase. Science of the Total Environment, 431, 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.073
Larue, C., Veronesi, G., Flank, A. M., Surble, S., Herlin-Boime, N., & Carrière, M. (2012b). Comparative uptake and impact of TiO2 nanoparticles in wheat and rapeseed. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part a: Current Issues, 75(13–15), 722–734. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2012.689800
Lee, S., Kim, K., Shon, H. K., Kim, S. D., & Cho, J. (2011). Biotoxicity of nanoparticles: Effect of natural organic matter. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13(7), 3051–3061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-0204-z
Lian, J., Zhao, L., Wu, J., Xiong, H., Bao, Y., Zeb, A., et al. (2020). Foliar spray of TiO2 nanoparticles prevails over root application in reducing Cd accumulation and mitigating Cd-induced phytotoxicity in maize (Zea mays L.). Chemosphere, 239, 124794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124794
Liao, D. L., Wu, G. S., & Liao, B. Q. (2009). Zeta potential of shape-controlled TiO2 nanoparticles with surfactants. Colloids and Surfaces a: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 348(1–3), 270–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.036
Liu, B., Mu, L., Zhang, J., Han, X., & Shi, H. (2020). TiO2/Cu2(OH)2CO3 nanocomposite as efficient antimicrobials for inactivation of crop pathogens in agriculture. Materials Science and Engineering C, 107, 110344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110344
Ma, C., Liu, H., Chen, G., Zhao, Q., Eitzer, B., Wang, Z., et al. (2017). Effects of titanium oxide nanoparticles on tetracycline accumulation and toxicity in: Oryza sativa (L.). Environmental Science: Nano, 4(9), 1827–1839. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7en00280g
Moll, J., Klingenfuss, F., Widmer, F., Gogos, A., Bucheli, T. D., Hartmann, M., & van der Heijden, M. G. A. (2017). Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on soil microbial communities and wheat biomass. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 111, 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.03.019
Muthayya, S., Sugimoto, J. D., Montgomery, S., & Maberly, G. F. (2014). An overview of global rice production, supply, trade, and consumption. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1324(1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12540
Nebbioso, A., & Piccolo, A. (2013). Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM): A critical review. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 405(1), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6363-2
Neina, D. (2019). The role of soil pH in plant nutrition and soil remediation. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. Hindawi Limited. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5794869.
Nile, S. H., Baskar, V., Selvaraj, D., Nile, A., Xiao, J., & Kai, G. (2020). Nanotechnologies in food science: Applications, recent trends, and future perspectives. Nano-Micro Letters, 12(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-0383-9
OECD. (2006). OECD Test Guideline 208: Terrestrial Plant Test - Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test. Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Terrestrial Plant Test Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test, 227(September), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264070066-en
Papageorgiou, M., & Skendi, A. (2018). Introduction to cereal processing and by-products. In Sustainable Recovery and Reutilization of Cereal Processing By-Products (pp. 1–25). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102162-0.00001-0.
Rafique, R., Zahra, Z., Virk, N., Shahid, M., Pinelli, E., Park, T. J., et al. (2018). Dose-dependent physiological responses of Triticum aestivum L. to soil applied TiO2 nanoparticles: Alterations in chlorophyll content, H2O2 production, and genotoxicity. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 255, 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.12.010
Reddy, P. V. L., Hernandez-Viezcas, J. A., Peralta-Videa, J. R., & Gardea-Torresdey, J. L. (2016). Lessons learned: Are engineered nanomaterials toxic to terrestrial plants? Science of the Total Environment, 568, 470–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.042
Rizwan, M., Ali, S., urRehman, M. Z., Malik, S., Adrees, M., Qayyum, M. F., et al. (2019). Effect of foliar applications of silicon and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on growth, oxidative stress, and cadmium accumulation by rice (Oryza sativa). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 41(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-019-2828-7
Rouf Shah, T., Prasad, K., & Kumar, P. (2016). Maize-A potential source of human nutrition and health: A review. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2(1), 1166995. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2016.1166995
Sano, N., Rajjou, L., North, H. M., Debeaujon, I., Marion-Poll, A., & Seo, M. (2016). Staying alive: Molecular aspects of seed longevity. Plant and Cell Physiology, 57(4), 660–674. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcv186
Sasaki, T., & Burr, B. (2000). International Rice Genome Sequencing Project: The effort to completely sequence the rice genome. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 3(2), 138–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(99)00047-3
Schwabe, F., Schulin, R., Limbach, L. K., Stark, W., Bürge, D., & Nowack, B. (2013). Influence of two types of organic matter on interaction of CeO2 nanoparticles with plants in hydroponic culture. Chemosphere, 91(4), 512–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.025
Shah, T., Latif, S., Saeed, F., Ali, I., Ullah, S., AbdullahAlsahli, A., et al. (2021). Seed priming with titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhances seed vigor, leaf water status, and antioxidant enzyme activities in maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 331, 101207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2020.10.004
Shah, V., Luxton, T. P., Walker, V. K., Brumfield, T., Yost, J., Shah, S., et al. (2016). Fate and impact of zero-valent copper nanoparticles on geographically-distinct soils. Science of the Total Environment, 573, 661–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.114
Sharma, S., & Uttam, K. N. (2019). Non-invasive monitoring of biochemical response of wheat seedlings toward titanium dioxide nanoparticles treatment using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared and laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Analytical Letters, 52(10), 1629–1652. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2018.1563940
Silva, S., Craveiro, S. C., Oliveira, H., Calado, A. J., Pinto, R. J. B., Silva, A. M. S., & Santos, C. (2017). Wheat chronic exposure to TiO2-nanoparticles: Cyto- and genotoxic approach. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 121, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.10.013
Silva, S., Ferreira de Oliveira, J. M. P., Dias, M. C., Silva, A. M. S., & Santos, C. (2019). Antioxidant mechanisms to counteract TiO2-nanoparticles toxicity in wheat leaves and roots are organ dependent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 380, 120889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120889
Silva, S., Oliveira, H., Craveiro, S. C., Calado, A. J., & Santos, C. (2016). Pure anatase and rutile + anatase nanoparticles differently affect wheat seedlings. Chemosphere, 151, 68–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.047
Silva, S., Ribeiro, T. P., Santos, C., Pinto, D. C. G. A., & Silva, A. M. S. (2020). TiO2 nanoparticles induced sugar impairments and metabolic pathway shift towards amino acid metabolism in wheat. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 399, 122982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122982
Simonin, M., Guyonnet, J. P., Martins, J. M. F., Ginot, M., & Richaume, A. (2015). Influence of soil properties on the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles on carbon mineralization and bacterial abundance. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 283, 529–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.004
Simonin, M., Martins, J. M. F., Le Roux, X., Uzu, G., Calas, A., & Richaume, A. (2017). Toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles on soil nitrification at environmentally relevant concentrations: Lack of classical dose–response relationships. Nanotoxicology, 11(2), 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2017.1290845
Simonin, M., Richaume, A., Guyonnet, J. P., Dubost, A., Martins, J. M. F., & Pommier, T. (2016). Titanium dioxide nanoparticles strongly impact soil microbial function by affecting archaeal nitrifiers. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33643
Singh Sekhon, B. (2014). Nanotechnology in agri-food production: An overview. Nanotechnology, Science and Applications, 7(2), 31–53. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S39406
Szőllősi, R., Molnár, Á., Kondak, S., & Kolbert, Z. (2020). Dual effect of nanomaterials on germination and seedling growth: Stimulation vs. phytotoxicity. Plants, 9(12), 1745. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121745
Tan, W., Peralta-Videa, J. R., & Gardea-Torresdey, J. L. (2018). Interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with soil components and plants: Current knowledge and future research needs-A critical review. Environmental Science: Nano, 5(2), 257–278. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7en00985b
Tang, Y., Wang, X., Yan, Y., Zeng, H., Wang, G., Tan, W., et al. (2019). Effects of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, ferrihydrite coating, ionic strength and pH on the transport of TiO2 nanoparticles in quartz sand. Environmental Pollution, 252, 1193–1201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.008
Tavakkoli, E., Rengasamy, P., & McDonald, G. K. (2010). High concentrations of Na+ and Cl- ions in soil solution have simultaneous detrimental effects on growth of faba bean under salinity stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61(15), 4449–4459. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq251
Tian, X., Liu, L., Li, Y., Yang, C., Zhou, Z., Nie, Y., & Wang, Y. (2018). Nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on CuO-TiO2 for sensitive and selective detection of methyl parathion pesticide in ground water. Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 256, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.10.066
Ullah, S., Adeel, M., Zain, M., Rizwan, M., Irshad, M. K., Jilani, G., et al. (2020). Physiological and biochemical response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to TiO2 nanoparticles in phosphorous amended soil: A full life cycle study. Journal of Environmental Management, 263, 110365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110365
Wang, Y., Sun, C., Zhao, X., Cui, B., Zeng, Z., Wang, A., et al. (2016a). The application of nano-TiO2 photo semiconductors in agriculture. Nanoscale Research Letters, 11(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-016-1721-1
Wang, Yi., Peng, C., Fang, H., Sun, L., Zhang, H., Feng, J., et al. (2015). Mitigation of Cu(II) phytotoxicity to rice ( Oryza sativa ) in the presence of TiO 2 and CeO 2 nanoparticles combined with humic acid. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 34(7), 1588–1596. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2953
Wang, Z., Zhang, L., Zhao, J., & Xing, B. (2016b). Environmental processes and toxicity of metallic nanoparticles in aquatic systems as affected by natural organic matter. Environmental Science: Nano, 3(2), 240–255. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5en00230c
Wojcieszek, J., Jiménez-Lamana, J., Ruzik, L., Asztemborska, M., Jarosz, M., & Szpunar, J. (2020). Characterization of TiO2 NPs in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) by single-particle ICP-QQQ-MS. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 8, 100. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00100
Wu, B., Zhu, L., & Le, X. C. (2017). Metabolomics analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles induced toxicological effects on rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environmental Pollution, 230, 302–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.062
Wu, X., Hu, J., Wu, F., Zhang, X., Wang, B., Yang, Y., et al. (2020). Application of TiO2 nanoparticles to reduce bioaccumulation of arsenic in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.): A mechanistic study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 124047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124047.
Xu, M. L., Zhu, Y. G., Gu, K. H., Zhu, J. G., Yin, Y., Ji, R., et al. (2019). Transcriptome reveals the rice response to elevated free air CO2 concentration and TiO2 nanoparticles. Environmental Science and Technology, 53(20), 11714–11724. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02182
Yang, K., Lin, D., & Xing, B. (2009). Interactions of humic acid with nanosized inorganic oxides. Langmuir, 25(6), 3571–3576. https://doi.org/10.1021/la803701b
Yaqoob, S., Ullah, F., Mehmood, S., Mahmood, T., Ullah, M., Khattak, A., & Zeb, M. A. (2018). Effect of waste water treated with tio2 nanoparticles on early seedling growth of zea mays L. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 8(3), 424–431. https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2017.163
Zahra, Z., Ali, M. A., Parveen, A., Kim, E. B., Khokhar, M. F., Baig, S., et al. (2019). Exposure–response of wheat cultivars to TiO 2 nanoparticles in contrasted soils. Soil and Sediment Contamination, 28(2), 184–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2018.1561650
Zehlike, L., Peters, A., Ellerbrock, R. H., Degenkolb, L., & Klitzke, S. (2019). Aggregation of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles in soil solution–Effects of primary nanoparticle size and dissolved organic matter characteristics. Science of the Total Environment, 688, 288–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.020
Zhang, R., Tu, C., Zhang, H., & Luo, Y. (2020a). Stability and transport of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in three variable-charge soils. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 20(3), 1395–1403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02509-x
Zhang, W., Long, J., Geng, J., Li, J., & Wei, Z. (2020b). Impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on Cd phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 2979. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17092979
Zhang, Y., Liu, N., Wang, W., Sun, J., & Zhu, L. (2020c). Photosynthesis and related metabolic mechanism of promoted rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth by TiO2 nanoparticles. Frontiers of Environmental Science and Engineering, 14(6), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1282-5
Zhao, L., Zhang, H., White, J. C., Chen, X., Li, H., Qu, X., & Ji, R. (2019). Metabolomics reveals that engineered nanomaterial exposure in soil alters both soil rhizosphere metabolite profiles and maize metabolic pathways. Environmental Science: Nano, 6(6), 1716–1727. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9en00137a
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interests Statement
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Thiagarajan, V., Ramasubbu, S. Fate and Behaviour of TiO2 Nanoparticles in the Soil: Their Impact on Staple Food Crops. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 274 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05219-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05219-8