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Improved Microbial and Chemical Reduction of Direct Blue 71 Using Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate Immobilized on Granular Activated Carbon

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the redox mediating capacity of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) immobilized on granular activated carbon (GAC) during the reductive decolorization of direct blue 71 (DB71) under microbial and chemical conditions. The immobilization of AQDS on GAC was conducted by adsorption, and it has obtained an uptake capacity of 0.227 mmol g−1. The anchorage of AQDS on GAC improved its electron transfer capacity (ETC) up to 2.05 times higher than the raw material. Similarly, the addition of GAC-AQDS increased up to 1.75- and 1.16-fold the rate of decolorization (k d ) of DB71 under microbial and chemical conditions, respectively, in comparison to the unmodified GAC. Surprisingly, a higher k d value was achieved in incubations without either GAC or GAC-AQDS because of the generation of aromatic amines, from the reduction DB71, taking into account that these species may act as a catalyst in the DB71 reduction process. In contrast, adsorption of aromatic amines on either GAC or GAC-AQDS decreased its redox mediating capacity as evidenced by spectrophotometric screenings of the decolorized solution and the supporting material. The development of materials with enhanced both redox and adsorption properties, as the GAC used in this study, offers a promising way to increase the redox conversion of recalcitrant pollutants commonly found in industrial wastewaters.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by the Mexican Council of Science and Technology (Conacyt) thought the grant SEP-Conacyt No. 236129 and the Programa para el Desarrollo Profesional Docente (PRODEP). Yair A. Del Angel acknowledges Conacyt for the scholarship granted during graduate studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Luis H. Alvarez, Yair A. Del Angel & Bernardo García-Reyes

  2. Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnologia y Nanotoxicologia (CIBYN), Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL), Apodaca, 66629, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Luis H. Alvarez

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  1. Luis H. Alvarez
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  2. Yair A. Del Angel
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  3. Bernardo García-Reyes
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Correspondence to Luis H. Alvarez.

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Alvarez, L.H., Del Angel, Y.A. & García-Reyes, B. Improved Microbial and Chemical Reduction of Direct Blue 71 Using Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate Immobilized on Granular Activated Carbon. Water Air Soil Pollut 228, 38 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-3212-5

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