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Degradation of γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane Using Carboxymethylcellulose-Stabilized Fe/Ni Nanoparticles

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Abstract

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-stabilized and Ni-doped nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) particles (CMC-Fe/Ni) were synthesized to remove γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results suggested that the CMC molecules were adsorbed onto iron primarily through carboxylate groups by monodentate complexation, and hydroxyl groups were also involved in the interactions between CMC and iron. The adsorbed CMC made the zeta potential of Fe/Ni nanoparticles more negative. At reaction pH of 8.3, the absolute value of zeta potential of the CMC-Fe/Ni was almost twice that of the bare one. The stability of colloidal nanoparticles was greatly enhanced as initial CMC concentration increased from 0 to 0.1 % (w/w) and did not increase further with higher CMC doses. Batch studies showed that 99.9 % of 10 mg/L γ-HCH was removed after 4 h at a mono nZVI loading level of 0.1 g/L, while the γ-HCH could be completely removed in 5 min using CMC-Fe/Ni, which exhibited a 13 times greater k obs as compared to that using bare Fe/Ni. Within 20 h, 60 mg/L γ-HCH was totally removed through 6 cycles of consecutive treatment using CMC-Fe/Ni. GC-MS analysis showed that 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorocyclohexene was the main intermediate and chlorobenzene was the final product when using mono nZVI. When treating by Fe/Ni nanoparticles, 1,2,3,4,5-pentachlorocyclohexene, 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorocyclohexene, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene were formed as intermediates and benzene and chlorobenzene as the final products. Possible degradation pathways were proposed based on the identified intermediates, and dehydrochlorination, dichloroelimination, and hydrogenolysis were involved in dechlorination.

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Acknowledgments

This paper was supported by Ministry of Education of China as an innovative research team project (No. IRT13024) and Ministry of Science and Technology (2014CB441104).

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This study was funded by Ministry of Education of China as an innovative research team project (No. IRT13024) and Ministry of Science and Technology (2014CB441104).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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The authors declare that there are no human participants or animals involved in this study.

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The authors declare that the consent to submit has been received explicitly from Jirui Yang (first author) and Hongwen Sun (corresponding author).

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  1. MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    Jirui Yang & Hongwen Sun

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Yang, J., Sun, H. Degradation of γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane Using Carboxymethylcellulose-Stabilized Fe/Ni Nanoparticles. Water Air Soil Pollut 226, 280 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2553-9

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