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Degradation of Humic Acid by Photocatalytic Reaction Using Nano-sized ZnO/Laponite Composite (NZLC)

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Abstract

Humic acids (HA) are known as the precursors of carcinogenic compounds formed by the disinfection of drinking water. While conventional treatments were found to be inefficient HA removal processes in drinking water, advanced oxidation processes have been proven to have a significant effect in the treatment of HA. The degradation of HA was investigated using nano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO)/laponite composite (NZLC). The reactions occurred in a UVC reactor by considering following variables: pH, initial HA concentration, catalyst loading, addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and catalyst reuse. Water samples containing HA were analysed by ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometer and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. Initial HA concentrations were tested by the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model with k and K ads values, determined to be 0.126 mg/L.min and 0.0257 L/mg, respectively. The change in pH affected the HA degradation efficiency by the photocatalytic activity where it was higher under acidic conditions rather than alkaline ones. Optimal catalyst loading was proved to be a constrained factor in influencing the photocatalytic efficiency: the increase of catalyst concentration enhanced the HA decomposition efficiency up to an optimum value of 20 g/L, where there was no further degradation with excess loading. The addition of H2O2 was investigated through homogenous and heterogeneous photocatalysis, and, heterogeneous photocatalysis showed higher removal efficiency due to the combined effect of both catalysts and H2O2. Finally, NZLC was effective for reuse and exhibited an excellent stability after six times of usage.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support for this study was provided by Korean Ministry of Environment as “The GAIA project (no. 2012000550005).”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, UK

    Jong Kyu Kim, Jawaher Alajmy & Luiza Cintra Campos

  2. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil

    Alisson Carraro Borges

  3. Water Resource and Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Goyang-si, South Korea

    Jin Chul Joo & Hosang Ahn

Authors
  1. Jong Kyu Kim
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  2. Jawaher Alajmy
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  3. Alisson Carraro Borges
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  4. Jin Chul Joo
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  5. Hosang Ahn
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  6. Luiza Cintra Campos
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Correspondence to Luiza Cintra Campos.

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Kim, J.K., Alajmy, J., Borges, A.C. et al. Degradation of Humic Acid by Photocatalytic Reaction Using Nano-sized ZnO/Laponite Composite (NZLC). Water Air Soil Pollut 224, 1749 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1749-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1749-0

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