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Development of a Passive Sampler for Monitoring of Carbamate and s-Triazine Pesticides in Surface Waters

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Abstract

A new sampling system has been developed for the measurement of time-averaged concentrations (TWA) and diffusion coefficients of organic micropollutants in aquatic environments. The system is based on the diffusion of targeted organic compounds through a rate-limiting membrane and the subsequent accumulation of these species in a bound, hydrophobic solid-phase material. Two separate prototype systems are described. One is suitable for the sampling of carbamates such as carbaryl, carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, baygon, propham, clorpropham, and the other one for s-triazines such as atrazine, prometryn, propazine, simazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, metribuzin, cyanazine, and metamitron pesticides. The systems use solid-phase material (47-mm C18 Empore disk) as the receiving phase but are fitted with rate-limiting membranes of either polysulfone or polycarbonate. For the two designs investigated, the cumulative uptake of all target analytes was considered over exposure periods of 7 days. The determined sampling rates ranged from 0.1323 to 0.0465 L day−1 with both membranes. The best system was the one with the polysulfone membrane allowing a better cumulative uptake.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support of the Laboratorios de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental (LIQAyQA), Faculty Chemistry, UNAM; the helpful discussion with Prof. Enrique Chávez-Castellanos on the mass transfer equations; and the helpful academic discussions with Prof. Federico García-Jimenéz, Mrs. Prof. María T. Leticia Rosales-Hoz, Mrs. Prof. Mabel Vaca-Mier, and Mrs. Prof. María Teresa Orta-Ledesma were gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México, D.F., 04510, México

    Marisela Bernal-González & Carmen Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa

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  1. Marisela Bernal-González
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  2. Carmen Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa
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Correspondence to Marisela Bernal-González.

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Bernal-González, M., Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa, C. Development of a Passive Sampler for Monitoring of Carbamate and s-Triazine Pesticides in Surface Waters. Water Air Soil Pollut 223, 5071–5085 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1259-5

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