Abstract
Since swine wastewater is used by farmers for soil fertilization, evaluation of toxic compounds or micro-contaminants of separate streams is required. This paper uses the toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedure for the physicochemical and ecotoxicological characterization of swine wastewater. To distinguish the most important toxic compounds, a physicochemical characterization and phase I-TIE procedure were performed. The acute toxic effect of swine wastewater and treated fractions (phase II-TIE) were evaluated using Daphnia magna determining 48-h LC50. Results show a high level of conductivity (23.5 μS cm−1), which is explained as due to the concentration of ions, such as ammonium (NH +4 –N 1.6 g L−1), sulfate (SO 2−4 397.3 mg L−1), and chlorine (Cl− 1,230.0 mg L−1). The acute toxicity of the swine wastewater was evaluated on D. magna (48-h LC50 = 3.4%). Results of the different water treatments indicate that anionic exchange treatments could reduce 22.5% of swine wastewater’s acute toxicity by reducing chlorine (to around 51%) and conductivity (8.5%). On the other hand, cationic exchange treatment increased acute toxicity on D. magna (% RT = −624.4%), by reducing NH +4 –N (around 100%) and total nitrogen (95.5%). This finding suggests that part of the toxicity comes from anionic compounds, such as chlorine.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by CONICYT/PBCT (Grant TPI-01) and Innova Bío-Bio (Grant 07-PC S1-198). The authors thank Mr. C. Contreras from Sucesion Yanine for use of their facilities in the realization of this study.
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Villamar, C.A., Cañuta, T., Belmonte, M. et al. Characterization of Swine Wastewater by Toxicity Identification Evaluation Methodology (TIE). Water Air Soil Pollut 223, 363–369 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0864-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0864-z