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Rhizosphere Influence and Seasonal Impact on Phytostabilisation of Metals—A Field Study

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Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to assess the influence of plant growth and amendment addition on phytostabilisation of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) along highway soil in southwest British Columbia, Canada. The plant species tested were Lolium perenne L (perennial rye grass), Festuca rubra L. (creeping red fescue) and Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky blue grass) and the amendments, lime and phosphate. The treatment efficiencies were assessed during different seasons as a completely randomized factorial experiment in split plot design. The research tasks involved: (1) quantifying the seasonal extent of metal accumulation in soil and assessing the seasonal impact on metal speciation for different soil amendments and plant species; (2) determining seasonal accumulation differences between sampling periods in plant parts; and (3) assessing the influence of root–soil interactions on metal dynamics. The amendments decreased the exchangeable fraction and plant uptake of all four metals. The lowest mobile fractions (exchangeable and carbonate bound) were found in soils growing Festuca for Cu, Lolium for Mn and a Lolium/Poa/Festuca combination for Pb and Zn. Metal accumulation and metal dynamics in the rhizosphere soil are compared with those of the bulk soil. The final outcome was the development of a remediation strategy for all four metals involving suitable plants and amendments and incorporating seasonal and rhizosphere influences.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Drs. John R. Grace and Les Lavkulich for critically reviewing the manuscript. We also thank the B.C. Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure and NSERC for financial support.

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  1. Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Prabha K. Padmavathiamma

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Loretta Y. Li

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Padmavathiamma, P.K., Li, L.Y. Rhizosphere Influence and Seasonal Impact on Phytostabilisation of Metals—A Field Study. Water Air Soil Pollut 223, 107–124 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0843-4

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