Abstract
Providing adequate pressure at the hydrant is an issue of great importance in the operation of pressurized irrigation distribution systems (PIDS). The hydraulic performance of these systems can be quantified by selected performance indicators to describe the performance of an irrigation system with regard to the objectives set for that system. Several indicators have been developed and used so far for the performance analysis of pressurized irrigation systems. However, none of them provides a comprehensive definition of the sensitivity of operating hydrants to the variation in the upstream discharge. The objective of this study is to develop an indicator that can quantify the sensitivity of a hydrant to the changes occurring upstream of an irrigation system. A new definition of the indicator is proposed, by considering the changes in the hydrant reliability to the changes in the upstream discharge. In other words, the sensitivity of a hydrant is simulated on the basis of the variation of its reliability to satisfy the required pressure for adequate on-farm service. This concept was applied to a case study in Italy and it showed the importance of the sensitivity indicator as defined herein in the decision-making process for proper operation of pressurized irrigation systems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alegre H, Coelho ST (2012) Infrastructure asset management of urban water systems. In: Ostfeld A (ed) Water supply system analysis - Selected topics InTech
Bos MG, Burton MA, Molden DJ (2005) Irrigation and drainage performance assessment: Practical guidelines. CABI Publishing, Wallingford
Fabrie P, Gancel G, Mortazavi I, Piller O (2010) Computational study and sensitivity analysis for quality modeling in Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 34:34–45
Fouial A, Khadra R, Daccache A, Lamaddalena N (2016) Modelling the impact of climate change on pressurised irrigation distribution systems: Use of a new tool for adaptation strategy implementation. Biosystems Engineering 150:182–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2016.08.010
Fouial A, García IF, Bragalli C, Lamaddalena N, Diaz JAR (2018) Multi-objective optimization model based on localized loops for the rehabilitation of gravity-fed pressurized irrigation networks. Water Resour Manage 32:465–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1821-4
Horst L (1998) The dilemmas of water division: Considerations and criteria for irrigation system design. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen
Khadra R, Moreno MA, Awada H, Lamaddalena N (2016) Energy and hydraulic performance-based management of large-scale pressurized irrigation systems. Water Resour Manag 30:3493–3506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1365-z
Kouchakzadeh S, Montazar A (2005) Hydraulic sensitivity indicators for canal operation assessment. Irrigation and Drainage 54:443–454. https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.196
Lamaddalena N, Sagardoy JA (2000) Performance analysis of on-demand pressurized irrigation systems. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 59. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 59. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Mateus MC, Tullos D (2017) Reliability, Sensitivity, and Vulnerability of Reservoir Operations under Climate Change. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 143:04016085. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000742
Molden DJ, Gates TK (1990) Performance measures for evaluation of irrigation-water-delivery systems. J Irrig Drain Eng 116:804–823. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1990)116:6(804)
Pérez R, Puig V, Pascual J, Quevedo J, Landeros E, Peralta A (2011) Methodology for leakage isolation using pressure sensitivity analysis in water distribution networks. Control Engineering Practice 19:1157–1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2011.06.004
Ramos H, Tamminen S, Covas D (2009) Water supply system performance for different pipe materials part II: Sensitivity analysis to pressure variation. Water Resour Manage 23:367–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-008-9279-z
Renault D (2000) Aggregated hydraulic sensitivity indicators for irrigation system behavior. Agricultural Water Management 43:151–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(99)00059-1
Renault D, Hemakumara HM (1997) Offtakes sensitivity in irrigation canal operation. In: Renault D (ed) Modern techniques for manual operation of irrigation canals. Proceedings of the Fourth International ITIS [Information Techniques for Irrigation Systems] Network Meeting, Marrakech, pp 25–27
Renault D, Facon T, Wahaj R (2007) Modernizing irrigation management – the MASSCOTE approach: Mapping System and Services for Canal Operation Techniques. FAO, FAO Irrigation And Drainage Paper 63. Rome
Urrestarazu L, Díaz J, Poyato E, Luque R (2009) Quality of service in irrigation distribution networks: Case of Palos de la Frontera irrigation district (Spain). J Irrig Drain Eng 135:755–762. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000107
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
None
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lamaddalena, N., Fouial, A. Sensitivity Indicator for Pressurized Irrigation Distribution Systems. Water Resour Manage 33, 1985–1998 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-019-02224-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-019-02224-9