Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimal Allocation of Resources for Increasing Farm Revenue under Hydrological Uncertainty

  • Published:
Water Resources Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The formulation and application of two optimization models is presented in this study. The models were used to maximize the net farm revenue of an irrigated area located in northwest India by optimally allocating the available water and land resources. In order to moderate the rising water table issues, a ground water component was introduced in the model, while still ensuring optimal resources allocation. Results of the model indicates a reduction in barley, gram, mustard, and rice production area while at the same time an increase in sugarcane, millets, wheat, and cotton cultivation areas under optimal conditions. The ground water exploitation has increased in the model allocation, which consecutively moderated the rising water table problems. The model allocations has resulted in more than 31 % increase in net farm revenue. The proposed models can be employed as a dependable tool for making the decisions at local and regional levels and are capable of solving the rising water table issues of irrigated areas. The formulations proposed in this study are simple and can be employed anywhere for capitalizing on the farm revenue by moderating the water resources problems. The model constraints, though, be different considering the quality and quantity aspects of different water sources.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M (1998) Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. Irrigation and drainage paper 56. FAO, Rome, p 300

    Google Scholar 

  • Benli B, Kodal S (2003) A non-linear model for farm optimization with adequate and limited water supplies application to the south-east Anatolian project (GAP) region. Agric Water Manag 62(3):187–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brookfield AE, Gnau C (2016) Optimizing water management for irrigation under climate uncertainty: evaluating operational and structural alternatives in the Lower Republican River Basin, Kansas, USA. Water Resour Manag 30:607–622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castle EN, Lindeborg KH (1960) The economics of groundwater allocation: a case study. J Farm Econ 42:150–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen MJ, Huang GH (2001) A derivative algorithm for inexact quadratic programapplication to environmental decision making under uncertainty. Eur J Oper Res 128:570–586

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dastane NG (1978) Effective rainfall in irrigated agriculture. Irrigation and drainage paper 25. FAO, Rome, p 62

    Google Scholar 

  • Davijani MH, Banihabib ME, Anvar AN, Hashemi SR (2016) Multi-objective optimization model for the allocation of water resources in arid regions based on the maximization of socioeconomic efficiency. Water Resour Manag 30:927–946

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fowe T, Nouiri I, Ibrahim B, Karambiri H, Paturel JE (2015) OPTIWAM: an intelligent tool for optimizing irrigation water management in coupled reservoir–groundwater systems. Water Resour Manag 29:3841–3861

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gorantiwar SD, Smout IK (2005) Multilevel approach for optimizing land and water resources and irrigation deliveries for tertiary units in large irrigation schemes. II: application. J Irrigation Drainage Eng ASCE 131(3):264–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groundwater Cell (2013a) Tubewells discharge Atlas of Jhajjar District. Department of Agriculture, Rohtak (Haryana)

    Google Scholar 

  • Groundwater Cell (2013b) Aquifer Atlas of Jhajjar District. Department of Agriculture, Rohtak (Haryana)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hargreaves GH, Samani ZA (1985) Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature. Appl Eng Agric ASABE 1(2):96–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houck MH (1979) A chance-constrained optimization model for reservoir design and operation. Water Resour Res 15:1011–1016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y, Li YP, Chen X, Ma YG (2012) Optimization of the irrigation water resources for agricultural sustainability in Tarim River Basin, China. Agric Water Manag 107:74–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irrigation Department (2013) Canal Atlas of Jhajjar District. Office of the executive engineer. Irrigation Department, Jhajjar (Haryana)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaushal MP, Khepar SD, Panda SN (1985) Saline groundwater management and optimal cropping pattern. Water Int 10(2):86–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khare D, Jat MK, Ediwahyunan (2006) Assessment of conjunctive use planning options: a case study of Sapon irrigation command area of Indonesia. J Hydrol 328(3–4):764–777

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khare D, Jat MK, Sunder JD (2007) Assessment of water resources allocation options: conjunctive use planning in a link canal command. Resour Conserv Recycl 51(2):487–506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lakshminarayana V, Rajagopalan SP (1977) Optimal cropping pattern for basin in India. J Irrigation Drainage Eng ASCE 103(1):53–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Li CY, Zhang L (2015) An inexact two-stage allocation model for water resources management under uncertainty. Water Resour Manag 29:1823–1841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li W, Li YP, Li CH, Huang GH (2010) An inexact two-stage water management model for planning cultural irrigation under uncertainty. Agric Water Manag 97:1905–1914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Xu C-Y, Beldring S, Tallaksen LM, Jain SK (2015) Water resources under climate change in Himalayan Basins. Water Resour Manag 29:325–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu H, Huang G, He L (2011) An inexact rough-interval fuzzy linear programming method for generating conjunctive water-allocation strategies to agricultural irrigation systems. Appl Math Model 35(9):4330–4340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maji CC, Heady EO (1978) Inter temporal allocation of irrigation water in the Mayurakshi Project (India): an application of chance constrained linear programming. Water Resour Res 14(2):190–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Male JW, Mueller FA (1992) Model for prescribing groundwater use permits. J Water Resources Planning Manag ASCE 118(5):543–561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Md. Azamathulla H, Wu FC, Ghani AA, Narulkar SM, Zakaria NA, Chang CK (2008) Comparison between genetic algorithm and linear programming approach for real time operation. J Hydro Environ Res 2(3):172–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohan S, Jothiprakash V (2003) Development of priority-based policies for conjunctive use of surface and groundwater. Water Int 28(2):254–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moradi-Jalal M, Haddad OB, Karney BW, Mariño MA (2007) Reservoir operation in assigning optimal multi-crop irrigation areas. Agric Water Manag 90(1–2):149–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan DR, Eheart JW, Valochhi AJ (1993) Aquifer remediation design under uncertainty using a new chance constrained programming technique. Water Resour Res 29(3):551–561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nieswand GH, Granstrom ML (1971) A chance constrained approach to the conjunctive use of surface waters and groundwaters. Water Resour Res 7(6):1425–1436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Mara GT (1988) Efficiency in irrigation: the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources. World Bank, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul S, Panda SN, Kumar DN (2000) Optimal irrigation allocation: a multilevel approach. J Irrigation Drainage Eng ASCE 126(3):149–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peralta RC, Cantiller RRA, Terry JE (1995) Optimal large scale conjunctive water use planning: a case study. J Water Resource Planning Manag ASCE 121(6):471–478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peranginangin N, Sakthivadivel R, Scott NR, Kendy E, Steenhuis TS (2004) Water accounting for conjunctive groundwater/surface water management: case of the Singkarak-Ombilin River basin, Indonesia. J Hydrol 292(1–4):1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sethi LN, Panda SN, Nayak MK (2006) Optimal crop planning and water resources allocation in a coastal groundwater basin, Orissa, India. Agric Water Manag 83:209–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2010) Decision support for on-farm water management and long-term agricultural sustainability in a semi-arid region of India. J Hydrol 391(1–2):63–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2011) Estimating long–term regional groundwater recharge for the evaluation of potential solution alternatives to waterlogging and salinisation. J Hydrol 406(3–4):245–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2012a) An overview of the optimization modelling applications. J Hydrol 466–467:167–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2012b) Validation of SaltMod for a semi-arid part of northwest India and some options for control of waterlogging. Agric Water Manag 115:194–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2014a) Simulation and optimization modeling for the management of groundwater resources. 2: Combined applications. J Irrigation Drainage Eng ASCE 140(4), 04014002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2014b) Irrigation planning and management through optimization modelling. Water Resour Manag 28(1):1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2014c) Optimization modelling for seawater intrusion management. J Hydrol 508:43–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2014d) Simulation and optimization modeling for the management of groundwater resources. 1: Distinct applications. J Irrigation Drainage Eng ASCE 140(4), 04013021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2014e) Simulation-optimization modeling for conjunctive water use management. Agric Water Manag 141:23–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2014f) Optimizing the use of land and water resources for maximizing farm income by mitigating the hydrological imbalances. J Hydrol Eng ASCE 19(7):1447–1451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2015) Review: computer-based models for managing the water-resource problems of irrigated agriculture. Hydrogeol J 23(6):1217–1227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (2016) Evaluating the effect of different management policies on the long-term sustainability of irrigated agriculture. Land Use Policy 54:499–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Panda SN (2012) Development and application of an optimization model for the maximization of net agricultural return. Agric Water Manag 115:267–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Panda SN (2013) Optimization and simulation modelling for managing the problems of water resources. Water Resour Manag 27(9):3421–3431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Krause P, Panda SN, Flugel WA (2010) Rising water table: a threat to sustainable agriculture in an irrigated semi-arid region of Haryana, India. Agric Water Manag 97(10):1443–1451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Panda SN, Saxena CK, Verma CL, Uzokwe VNE, Krause P, Gupta SK (2016) Optimization modeling for conjunctive use planning of surface water and groundwater for irrigation. J Irrigation Drainage Eng ASCE 142(3):04015060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivakumar P, Prasad RK, Chandramouli S (2016) Uncertainty analysis of looped water distribution networks using linked EPANET-GA method. Water Resour Manag 30:331–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava P, Singh RM (2015) Optimization of cropping pattern in a canal command area using fuzzy programming approach. Water Resour Manag 29:4481–4500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stray BJ, van Vuuren JH, Bezuidenhout CN (2012) An optimisation-based seasonal sugarcane harvest scheduling decision support system for commercial growers in South Africa. Comput Electron Agric 83:21–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (2015) World population prospects: 2015 revision population database online at http://www.un.org/esa/population/unpop.htm (accessed on 30th October 2015)

  • Vincent L, Dempsey P (1991) Conjunctive water use for irrigation: good theory, poor practice. ODI-IIMI Network Paper 4, Overseas Dev. Inst, London

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author expresses sincere thanks to the Department of Economic and Statistical Analysis, Haryana; Groundwater Cell, Department of Agriculture, Irrigation Department Rohtak; and India Meteorological Department for providing required data for this study. Farmers of the study area are appreciated for sharing their practical experiences and difficulties in adopting different on-farm strategies. The author also extends great gratitude to the editors and anonymous referees of the journal for their attentive review and vital comments which have led to considerable improvement to the early versions of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India

    Ajay Singh

Authors
  1. Ajay Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ajay Singh.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The author declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Singh, A. Optimal Allocation of Resources for Increasing Farm Revenue under Hydrological Uncertainty. Water Resour Manage 30, 2569–2580 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1306-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1306-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation