Abstract
Ozone therapy acts in the body inducing controlled oxidative stress, thereby improving the antioxidant, immune and circulatory responses. However, very little is known about how this therapy affects oxidative stress indicators in dogs. We aimed to assess the clinical, hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters of healthy dogs subjected to ozone therapy and oxygen therapy by rectal insufflation. Ten healthy dogs were allocated into three experimental groups in a cross-over design: control, without intervention; ozone, which received 100 µg of O3/kg through rectal insufflation; and oxygen, which received an ozone-equivalent volume of medicinal O2 through rectal insufflation. Dogs received four applications weekly and were followed up until the seventh week. Ozone therapy significantly increased the weight, mean corpuscular volume and mean platelet volume and decreased total cholesterol of treated dogs. Regarding oxidative stress, ozone therapy reduced total antioxidant capacity by ferric reduction (TAC-FRAP) in D7 compared with baseline and the control, significantly increased total antioxidant capacity by cupric reduction (TAC-CUPRAC) in D42 and D49 compared with the control group, caused an increase in uric acid compared with the oxygen group and decreased lipid peroxidation on D21 compared with the control group. In conclusion, ozone therapy through rectal insufflation causes transient oxidative stress followed by an antioxidant response and discreetly interferes with a few clinical, hematological and biochemical variables in healthy dogs, although variables still remained within the reference ranges for the species, thus proving the safety of the therapy. Furthermore, oxygen therapy causes oxidative stress without inducing a subsequent antioxidant response.
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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for the grants provided (2020/04749-0; 2019/22681-6; 2019/22680-0).
Funding
This work was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Proc. 2020/04749-0). Authors M.OM. and G.S.G. have received a research scholarship from FAPESP (2019/22681-6 and 2019/22680-0).
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The study conception and design were performed by Paula Lima de Oliveira, Beatriz Perez Floriano and Breno Fernando Martins de Almeida. Animal selection, material preparation and sample collection were performed by Paula Lima de Oliveira, Mariana Mendonça Orlandini, Geovanna Santos Gonçalves, Isadora Gimenez Franco, Daniela Ribas Jané, Tainara de Oliveira Martins, Maria Rachel Melo Bosculo, Daniela Fernandez Montechiesi, Vinicius Aquiles Gomes Zamboni and Breno Fernando Martins de Almeida. Laboratory analyses were performed by Paula Lima de Oliveira, Mariana Mendonça Orlandini, Geovanna Santos Gonçalves, Tainara de Oliveira Martins, Maria Rachel Melo Bosculo and Breno Fernando Martins de Almeida. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Paula Lima de Oliveira and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (CEUA-Unifio) under protocol No. 013/2019.
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The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos (CEUA-Unifio) under protocol No. 013/2019.
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de Oliveira, P.L., Mendonça, M.O., Gonçalves, G.S. et al. Ozone therapy by rectal insufflation in dogs: safety and oxidative stress - a randomized cross-over study. Vet Res Commun (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10407-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10407-y