Abstract
This study was conducted on 600 one-day-old male broiler chicks, using a 2 × 6 factorial design (ambient temperature, A x feed additive, F), for a period of 42 days. The chicks assigned to different groups were exposed to thermoneutral (TN, 24 ± 1 °C) and constant heat stress (HT, 36 ± 1 °C) conditions, and were only fed on a basal diet, and a basal diet supplemented with either 100 mg/kg chloramphenicol, 50 IU/kg α-tocopherol, or 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of cumin essential oil (CEO). The results showed that heat stress adversely affected performance and carcass characteristics, and increased both the mortality rate and footpad lesions. Moreover, constant chronic heat stress showed negative effects on serum biochemistry and the intestinal microbiota, increased antioxidant activity in both the plasma and breast meat, and increased counts of the pathogenic microorganisms in the small intestine. On the other hand, dietary CEO supplementation positively affected these parameters. CEO had a slight effect on performance, carcass characteristics, mortality rate and the incidence of footpad lesions. When compared to the control group, it was determined that CEO generally had a positive effect on lipid peroxidation in the plasma and tissues and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. Furthermore, CEO positively affected serum biochemistry and counts of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestine.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Change history
20 January 2023
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-023-10073-6
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Acknowledgements
This manuscript is a summary of Ph.D. thesis of the first author from Ataturk University, Institute of Health Sciences and it was presented at the 3rd International Animal Nutrition Congress (Oral Presentation, Abstract, November 17–20th 2022, Antalya, Turkey). The authors would like to thank Armagan HAYIRLI (Prof.), Mehmet Akif YORUK (Prof.), Adem KAYA (Assoc.), Betul APAYDIN YILDIRIM (Assoc.), Emre TEKCE (Assoc.), Nurinnisa OZTURK (Assoc.), Seyda CENGIZ (Assoc.), Ekrem BOLUKBASI (Asst. Prof.), Guler CELIK (Dr.), Fevziye Isil KESBIC (Dr.), Cihan OZ (Asst.), Sermin TOP (Asst.), Soner UYSAL (Asst.), and Zekeriya Safa INANC (Asst.), who do not have authorship rights in the manuscript, for helping us at different stages of the thesis and/or allowing us to use their laboratories.
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This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Fund of Ataturk University under Grant number TDK-2020–8650.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Emre Yilmaz and Mehmet Gul. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Emre Yilmaz and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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The experimental protocols were reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Ataturk University, Turkey (No. 2019–13-166, approval date: 23 November 2018).
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Yilmaz, E., Gul, M. Effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oil and chronic heat stress on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemistry, antioxidant enzyme activity, and intestinal microbiology in broiler chickens. Vet Res Commun 47, 861–875 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-022-10048-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-022-10048-z