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Sociodemographic factors associated with Wilms tumor treatment and survival: a population-based study

  • Urology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Introduction

Though Wilms tumor (WT) is one of the most common malignancies in children, there is a paucity of epidemiologic studies exploring sociodemographic disparities in treatment and survival. Here, we leveraged a national cancer registry to examine sociodemographic factors associated with receipt of adjuvant therapy, either chemotherapy or radiation, as well as overall survival among pediatric patients with WT.

Materials and methods

Within the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database (2000–2016), we identified 2043 patients (≤ 20 years of age) with unilateral WT. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to examine the association of sociodemographic factors with, respectively, adjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy and overall survival (OS).

Results

Patients in the lowest SES quintile (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33–0.93, p = 0.03) were less likely to receive chemotherapy as compared to those in the highest SES quintile, though this association did not persist in sensitivity analyses including only patients at least 2 years of age and patients with regional/distant disease. In addition, female patients were more likely to receive chemotherapy (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08–1.97, p = 0.02) than male patients. Age, race, year of diagnosis, insurance status, and tumor laterality were not associated with receipt of chemotherapy. No sociodemographic variables were associated with receipt of radiotherapy. Lastly, as compared to Non-Hispanic-White patients, Hispanic patients had worse OS (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.08–2.35, p = 0.02); no other sociodemographic variables were associated with OS.

Conclusions

This study suggests multilevel sociodemographic disparities involving ethnicity and SES in WT treatment and survival.

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Availability of data and materials

Publicly available dataset.

Code availability

Available on reasonable request to the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Hriday P. Bhambhvani, Dylan J. Peterson & Kunj R. Sheth

  2. Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 9, New York, NY, 10065, USA

    Hriday P. Bhambhvani

Authors
  1. Hriday P. Bhambhvani
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  2. Dylan J. Peterson
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  3. Kunj R. Sheth
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Correspondence to Hriday P. Bhambhvani.

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Bhambhvani, H.P., Peterson, D.J. & Sheth, K.R. Sociodemographic factors associated with Wilms tumor treatment and survival: a population-based study. Int Urol Nephrol 54, 3055–3062 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-022-03343-w

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